굴 양식업의 발전과정에 관한 연구-최근 20여년을 중심으로

Abstract

Korea's oyster farming industry has been making tremendous progress over 60 years. These achievements are never the result of accidental creation. Therefore, this study explored the development process of oyster farming, the largest fishery farming in Korea, over the past 20 years, found important characteristics that appeared in the process, and analyzed them. The five important features discovered as a result are ‘the revision of the official name of the Oyster Hanging Culture Fisheries Cooperatives’, ‘the introduction of thorough hygiene concept and technology development’, ‘development of new high-value-added varieties’, ‘development and spread of oyster gourmet culture’, and ‘enactment of oyster shell recycling laws’. The word ‘farming’ was deleted from the existing name of Oyster Hanging Culture Fisheries Cooperatives to resolve the negative perception of ‘farming’. In addition, the U.S. FDA's ban on exports of domestic oysters to the U.S. consequently initiated thorough national hygiene management, allowing consumers to consume safe and clean oysters. The underwater aquaculture method enabled mass production of oysters, but behind it caused problems such as deterioration of quality and mass death from overcrowded farming, raising concerns about the future of these farming methods. Accordingly, the domestic oyster seedling production and cultivation industry and the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries have become very interested in single oyster farming, which can create high added value and farm eco-friendly by using less buoys. This single oyster farming is also deeply related to the development and spread of oyster-related gourmet culture. The domestic spread of oyster gourmet culture, which consumes oysters at high-end Oyster bars, has raised demand for high-quality oysters, and innovations in distribution platforms such as early morning delivery have accelerated oyster consumption by enabling delivery from production areas to homes in the Seoul metropolitan area on the day of order. In addition, the problem of disposing of oyster shells, which has been a serious problem in oyster production areas, is likely to be solved by enacting laws that will make them eco-friendly and recyclable. It can be defined that all five characteristics found in the development process of oyster farming over the past 20 years have served as important factors that have had a positive effect on the rapid development of the oyster farming industry.