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병무청 2차 인지선별검사를 위한 단축형 지능검사(K-WAIS-IV)의 타당화

Validity of K-WAIS-IV Short Forms for the Military Draft Examination in South Korea

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초록

본 연구는 기존 K-WAIS-IV 단축형(최아영 등, 2014)을 병무청 2차 인지선별검사에서 사용할 경우 지능이 과대추정 되는 문제를 보완하고, 병역판정검사 환경에 적합한 소검사를 구성하고자 할 목적으로 실시되었다. 이를 위해 병역판정검사 대상자 474명의 K-WAIS-IV 자료를 확인적 요인분석 하였고, 이론적 참조와 실제적 유용성을 종합적으로 고려하여 단축형 A, B, C라고 명명한 3가지 단축형을 구성하였다. 단축형 A는 어휘, 산수, 행렬추리, 기호쓰기 소검사를 포함하고, 단축형 B는 어휘, 산수 소검사를 포함한다. 그리고 유동적 추론(Gf)의 측정을 강화하기 위해 산수, 행렬추리 소검사를 포함하는 ‘단축형 C’를 제시하였다. 이 3가지 단축형들은 진단 분류 일치율을 제외한 타당도 기준들을 만족시켰다. 이들 단축형이 선별검사로서 유용한지 살펴보기 위해 추가적으로 실시한 연구에서 단축형 A는 매우 높은 선별력을 보였고, 단축형 B, C 역시 선별력이 양호하였다. 또한 흥미롭게도 2개 소검사 중 단축형 C가 단축형 B에 비해 정밀검사 대상자를 더 민감하게 선별하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제안한 단축형 A, B, C는 병역판정검사에 적합한 대안으로 보인다. 이러한 연구결과의 의의, 한계, 추후연구방향에 대해서 상세히 논의하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to improve the existing short-form (SF) of the K-WAIS-IV to be used in the Korean military draft examination. The existing SF of the K-WAIS-IV (Choi et al, 2014), when used to the subnormal group, overestimated the IQ of the subnormal group because of regression toward mean. Also, the existing SF’s subscales were not enough to measure fluid reasoning (Gf) component. To address these problems, this study suggests three new SFs: SF A, SF B, and SF C. SF A (including VC, AR, MR, and CD) and SF B (VC, AR) were developed based on the confirmation factor analysis (CFA) result of draft examination sample (n=474). SF C (AR, MR), with theoretical and practical reasoning that evaluation of Gf would be useful in draft examination, includes arithmetic reasoning (AR) and matrix reasoning (MR). A multiple regression analysis was performed to derive a regression formula equation to estimate IQ. All three SFs met all validity criteria (Resnick & entin, 1971) with the exception of concordance rate. In an additional study conducted to examine utility of the new SFs as a screening test, SF A showed a very high screening ability. SF B and SF C also showed a decent screening ability. Interestingly, SF C was shown to be better than SF B in selecting out those who need an additional in-depth examination. The ROC results indicated that SF A, SF B, and SF C are all secondary screening test. Finally, implications and limitations of this study as well as suggestions for further research were discussed.

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