자유와 평등의 기독교 사회윤리적 함의:라인홀드 니버의 사회정의론을 중심으로
The Meaning of Freedom and Equality in Christian Social Ethics: with a focus on Reinhold Niebuhr's social justice
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1997년 말 IMF 경제위기의 여파로 말미암아 경제적 양극화로 인한 부익부 빈익빈 현상은 사회 전 분야에 보편적인 현상과 사회의 불안요인으로 우리 사회가 시급히 해결해야할 과제이다. 라인홀드 니버의 균형 잡힌 사고와 행동은 우리 사회의 ‘양극화’를 해결하는 지혜를 제공할 것으로 생각한다. 니버에게 있어서 자유와 평등은 사랑의 구성 원리인 동시에 정의의 통제적 원리이다. 자유와 평등은 상호 긴장의 역설적 관계를 유지해야 한다. 평등의 원리가 공동체의 계급적 구조에 관계한다면, 자유의 원리는 사회의 통합에 관계한다. 그러나 자유와 평등만으로는 참다운 민주주의를 완성할 수 없다. 그것은 관용과 겸손에 의해 완전해 질 수 있다. 기독교적 겸손은 모든 인간의 이익이 지니고 있는 부분적이며 특수한 성격과 모든 인간의 덕이 가지고 있는 단편적인 성격을 인식하기 때문에 민주주의가 요구하는 관용은 기독교적 겸손 없이는 유지할 수 없다. 따라서 니버의 사회정의론은 우리의 ‘양극화’의 문제와 민주주의를 정립할 수 있는 지혜를 제공할 수 있다.
Abstract
This paper has a purpose. It examines what's meaning of freedom and equality within christian social ethics. Since November. 1997, because of economic crisis, the middle-class collapsed almost in Korea. It makes social polarization serious. Now a day polarization is a urgent task in Korea. According to Reinhold Niebuhr, freedom and equality are the constitutional principle of love(agape) as well as regulative principle of justice. Justice needs both freedom and equality in social order. Therefore tension always exists between them. They prevent effectively anarchy and tyranny. For example, if equality is related to the class system, freedom is related to social integration. Though social justice fulfills by balancing between them, but democracy doesn't accomplish perfectly. A perfect democracy needs the spirit of tolerance. Tolerance can't sustain without humility of Christianity. Finally Reinhold Niebuhr's social justice can provide a wisdom for solving polarization and developing democracy in our society.
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