动词“与”的语义演变考察
A Study on the Semantic Evolution of the Verb ‘Yu’(与)
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本论文以动词“与”为研究对象，结合历时、共时角度的考察，分析了以“给予”义、“交往”义等为代表的基本义的特点及语义发展变化，并通过图示展示出动词“与”各语义项之间的语义关联，阐释了“共举”义的“与”能够表达“帮助”、“给予”、“赞许”、“交往”及“跟随”义的原因，在一定程度上弥补了既往研究的局限。 本文还关注了动词“与”的语义功能扩张，尤其是“引介工具”功能和“被动”功能。关于“引介工具”功能，本文整理出动词“与”由“伴随”义到“附着”义，再到“利用”义，最终发展出引介工具的功能。关于“被动”功能，经过具体分析得出的结论是“与”的“被动”功能来自两条发展途径，一条是由“给予”义诱发的“被动”，另一条是“伴随”义诱发的“被动”。
Abstract
This research focused on the verb ‘Yu’, investigates from a synchronic and diachronic perspective, analyzes the characteristics of the basic meaning represented by the meanings of ‘give’ and ‘socialize with sb’. and the development and changes of semantics, and demonstrates them through diagrams. And also analyzeds the semantic relationship between the semantic items of the verb ‘Yu’. Through the investigation of the semantic relationship, we can give an explanation tha why the meaning of ‘Yu’ in the meaning of ‘together’ can be explained to ‘help’, ‘give’, ‘applaud’ and ‘socialize with sb.’ We think the result breaks through the limitations of previous research. This research also pays attention to the expansion of the semantic function of the verb ‘Yu’, especially the ‘introduce tool’ function and the “passive” function. Regarding the function of ‘introduce tool’, this article refers to the formula of “COMITATIVE tool case INSTRUMENT” in linguistic typology, and sorts out the meaning of ‘Yu’ from ‘accompany’ to ‘attachment’ and then to ‘utilization’, and at last develop to the ‘introduce tool’ function. Regarding the “passive” function, after specific analysis, the conclusion is that the “passive” function of ‘Yu’ comes from two development paths, one is induced by the meaning of ‘give’, and the other is induced by the meaning of ‘accompany’. The common point of the ‘passive’ function is that they have experienced ‘causative’ in the previous stage of passivity. The difference is that the ‘causative’ of the former approach comes from ‘give’, but the source of the latter way comes from ‘accompany’.
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