1949年以来中国语言政策下方言的记录与继承——以四川方言为例

Abstract

Most of the dialect native speakers in the Sichuan region realize that the language they have been hearing is a dialect of Chinese only after receiving Mandarin education in school. Taking Chengdu and Chongqing in the 1990s as an example, the Sichuan dialect was the main language used. Although the country promoted Putonghua, some teachers still used dialects for teaching in school education. In the 21st century, the number of people who speak Mandarin in Sichuan area has gradually increased. In some public places, it is stipulated that Mandarin must be used, and the school education site uses Mandarin teaching entirely. At that time, dialects and Mandarin were confronted head-on, and some people who did not receive Mandarin teaching in school education began to use “Pepper and Salt Mandarin”, which usually refers to the language spoken in the tone of Mandarin in the dialect of Sichuan and Chongqing, referred to as Trump, mainly as People in Sichuan and Chongqing who cannot speak Mandarin need a communication tool when using Mandarin. Up to now, Mandarin has become the mainstream, with a penetration rate of more than 80%. “Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening Language Work in the New Era” issued by the General Office of the State Council of China in 2021 China Guobanfa [2020] No. 30, release date: November 30, 2021. It is clearly stated that by 2025, the national penetration rate of Mandarin will reach 85%. At the same time as the promotion of Mandarin, the use of dialects has gradually decreased, and the number of users has gradually decreased. Dialects are facing a gradual extinction crisis. At the same time, relevant research departments in China are also aware of the crisis of dialects, and the country has initiated the protection of Chinese language and cultural resources. These protections are basically aimed at recording dialects and preserving a large amount of information for reference, but the speed of extinction of dialects has not slowed down. While sorting out Chinese language policies after 1949, this publication analyzes the current situation of Sichuan dialects through field investigations and puts forward the problems faced by Sichuan dialects. Aiming at these problems, a solution combining dialect records and dialect inheritance is proposed. I hope that the language we have learned from our parents can be passed on forever.