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노동시장 경직성이 기업의 해외 진출에 미친 영향 분석

Effects of Labor Market Rigidity on Foreign Market Entry by Korean Manufacturing Firms

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주제분류경제학

초록

본 연구는 2007~2017년 한국직업능력개발원의 인적자본기업패널(HCCP) 기업조사 자료를 활용하여 노동시장 경직성이 국내 제조업 기업들의 해외 진출에 영향을미쳤는지에 대해 분석한다. 분석 결과 기업 내 노동조합 가입자 수가 증가할수록 기업이 해외투자를 할 가능성이 상승하는 것으로 나타났으며, 기업 특성별 분석에서는 노동집약적 산업에 속한 기업일수록 노동조합이 해외투자 결정에 미치는 영향이더 커짐을 확인했다. 투자 지역별 분석에 따르면 아시아 국가로의 투자는 인건비나노조 가입자 수에 영향을 받지만, 북미로의 투자는 기업의 노동환경의 영향이 거의영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 기업 내의 노사관계를 고려한 결과에서는 노사관계가 대립적일수록 해외 진출의 가능성이 더욱 커짐을 보였다. 마지막으로 주력제품수요가 증가하지 않은 기업과 신제품을 개발하는 혁신기업에서 노조 가입자 수가증가할 때 해외 진출이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 기업이 처한 노동환경이 악화할수록 그 기업의 해외 진출이 가속화됨을 의미하고 이는 기업의 리쇼어링 정책 등에 시사점을 제시한다.

Abstract

This study identifies the determinants of Korean firms’ decision on foreign market entry by focusing on the role of labor market rigidity using the Korean manufacturing sector data from 2007 to 2017. We use the data from HCCP survey by the KRIVET(Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training). Empirical results show that the strength of labor union has significant effects on the probability of overseas expansion. The firm-specific analysis confirms that the impact of labor union is greater for labor-intensive firms. The regression analysis by investment destination reveals that overseas expansion towards Asian countries is largely affected by labor costs and the number of union members, but for expansion into North America is not affected by labor market rigidity. For the labor-management relations within company, the estimation results show that the more confrontational the labor-management relations, the higher the possibility of overseas expansion. Lastly, we find that overseas expansion increases in companies with decreasing demand for their main products or innovative companies that develop new products. All these results indicate that labor market rigidity affects firms’ decision on overseas expansion, and the government should consider these effects when designing reshoring policies.

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