지식인 담론의 지형과 ‘비판적’ 지성의 거처

Abstract

As an experimental approach to formulating an ontology of intellectuals active duringthe Park Chung-hee era of the 1960s and 70s, the goal of this article is to supplement existing theories by considering the interpellation of “intellectual” which coexisted with theirexistence as professionals. In Korea, the ontology of intellectual was trapped in the conceptof the normative / obligatory dimension of “role” the function of the intellectual),mainly as nation, ethnic identity (Minjok), and “the masses” (Daejung), Minjung etc. Such anapproach was limited in terms of revealing their existence as individuals or their self-consciousness/ desire as constitutors of knowledge. Neither can we overlook the linkage betweena culture placing excessive emphasis on the social role of the intellectual and theprocess of “the construction of intellectual authority” in a negative sense. Therefore, centeredin a theory of social roles, this paper focuses on the unique mode of existence ofPark Chung-hee period intellectuals : namely, within the roles of their diverse, intellectualdiscourses which competed and collided with one another, the “knowledges” they used as a medium for forming their own identities and the “knowledges” they also criticallyre-examined. For this purpose, the present paper closely and realistically reconstructs theeconomic and social isolation experienced by intellectuals in the process of industrializationand the conscious tensions they experienced vis-a-vis the governmentality of dictatorialpower, and reviews the discourses of those cultural intellectuals who personalizedtheir pain as Edward Said’s “representations of the intellectuals”