원명교체기 한국 한시에 형상화된 중국 강남과 그 정치사상적 의의

Abstract

This paper aims to focus on Jiangnan, China, which appeared in Korean Chinese poetry during the historical transitional period of Yuan-Ming, and reveal its political and ideological meaning. Starting from the mid-14th century, the international structure of East Asia changed rapidly. In China, the Ming Dynasty replaced the Yuan Dynasty as the dominant regime, while in Korea, Goryeo replaced Joseon as the dominant regime. From the establishment of the Ming Dynasty in 1368 to the capital’s move from Nanjing to Beijing in 1421, Goryeo-Joseon sent numerous envoys to Jiangnan. During this process, the emerging scholar-officials(士大夫) represented by Jeong Mong-ju(鄭夢周) and Lee Saek(李穑) in the late Goryeo Dynasty understood and embodied Jiangnan in Chinese poetry, through the direct experience of envoy and indirect experience such as “Mind Travel(臥遊)”. During the transitional period of Yuan-Ming, Jiangnan represented in Chinese poetry was a product of a complex international political situation and was based on the political thoughts of writers from the Late Goryeo Dynasty and Early Joseon Dynasty. On the one hand, in the Envoy Poems(使行詩) written by poets such as Jeong Mong-ju, Jiangnan symbolizes the Ming Dynasty regime and its center, Nanjing. With the decline of the Yuan regime, a new international order in East Asia centered on the Ming Dynasty was formed. The emerging scholar-officials in the late Goryeo Dynasty poetically embodied the political stance of “getting close to and serving the great Ming(親明事大)” through the personal experience of the envoy. On the other hand, the poets represented by Lee Saek imagined the Jiangnan that he indirectly experienced and described it in non-Envoy Poems. The methods include (1) Mind Traveling to Jiangnan when reading the other envoys’ poems, (2) Admiring Jiangnan when bidding farewell to the envoys, and (3) Expressing feelings about Jiangnan while observing changes in the current situation. Although the political ideas of “serving the great Ming” have also been reflected, compared to Jeong Mong-ju’s, Jiangnan in Lee Saek’s poetry has a more complex character. He expressed his admiration for the Ming Dynasty through the comparison between Jiangnan and Saibei(塞北). At the same time, he also expressed his sadness about the decline of the Yuan Empire.