밀교 일체지지의 성립과정과 내용 연구

Abstract

This paper examines the establishment process and contents of the Sarvajñajñāna for esoteric Buddhism. First of all, prajñā(慧) can be said to be a progressive practical thing that is ‘getting to know’, ‘becoming’, and ‘choosing’. It can be seen that jñāna(智) is something that should be found out, figured out, chosen, accomplished, and done by prajñā(慧). 『Milindawangyeong』 says that Buddha's wisdom in knowing everything is due to āvajjana(傾注). Sarvāstivāda(說一切有部) says that Buddha's wisdom in knowing everything is the ability to know anything according to his will in response to needs. On the other hand, the Mahāsāṃghika(大衆部) says that in a moment, it knows the all dharma by prajñā corresponding to the mind. In Mahāyāna's Prajñā studies, wisdom is classified into three types of wisdom or four types of wisdom. In Mahāyāna, sarvajña-jñāna is divided into sarvajñā and all kinds of jñāna. In addition, sarvajñā is the fundamental-jñāna, all kinds of jñāna is the posterior-jñāna, or in the case of K'uei-chi(窺基), sarvajñā is nirvikalpa-jñāna, and sarvajña-jñāna is the posterior-jñāna. In the medium-term esoteric Buddhism, sarvajña-jñāna was called the sarvajñajñāna of all Tathāgatas. It could be seen that it was the content that Vairocana Buddha himself had acquired. Yī-xíng(一行) interprets the sarvajña-jñāna as the jñāna among jñāna. It includes all kinds of jñāna and is beyond all kinds of jñāna. Tán-jì(曇寂) says that sarvajña-jñāna is the jñāna as the fundamental nature of the universe(法界體性智) and has five-jñānas overall. Eventually, prajñā, which has progressive, process, and practical characteristics, combines with pāramitā to become prajñāpāramitā, and again, prajñāpāramitā leads to three kinds of jñāna, including sarvajña. Furthermore, it can be seen that the sarvajña-jñāna of esoteric Buddhism has been established as the jñāna as the fundamental nature of the universe(法界體性智) of Vairocana Buddha, which embraces not only the three kinds of jñāna of the Mahāyāna's Prajñā studies, but also the four kinds of jñāna of vijñ̃aptimātra-vada.