華嚴經의 一切智에 대한 고찰

Abstract

This paper is about the omniscience of Avataṃsakasūtra(『大方廣佛華嚴經』). Since Śākyamuni Buddha had proclaimed himself omniscient, this issue has arisen a great deal of discussion. Among many aspects of this discussion, this paper focuses on how omniscience can be obtained and what is the ‘all’ in knowing all. Omniscience is diveded in two kinds by the way of obtaining it: The first is so called ‘omniscience by adverting in many moments,’ which can be present by adverting his/her mind to what s/he wants to know, requiring at least two moments. The last is ‘omniscience at once at everytime,’ which is present at once and everytime. The ‘all’ in knowing all is interpreted in two ways: The first is that the ‘all’ is literally everything and, on the contrary, the last is that the ‘all’ represents figuratively the ways of the enlightenment, such as four noble truths(四聖諦). This paper compares the terms related to omniscience between two Sanskrit edtions and one Chinese-translated edtions. The omniscience of Avataṃsakasūtra is externally ‘omniscience at once at everytime,’ but this ‘at once’ doesn’t mean the opposite of many moments and this ‘all’ is not the everything isolated as objects. This omniscience is the fundamental wisdom of tathāgatas without discrimination, such as subject vs. object(能所), before vs. after(前後), one vs. many(一多) and so on, namely the omniscience as the arising of tathāgata.