한국 고등교육의 위기와 고등교육 법제화 필요성 논의
Discussion on the crisis of higher education in Korea and the necessity of legalizing for higher education
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초록
본 논문은 한국 고등교육이 계속된 정부의 간섭과 통제 속에서 다음의 세가지 위기에 직면하고 있으며 이를 해결하기 위해 고등교육 법제화가 필요하다고 보았다. 먼저, 한국 대학이 직면한 위기는 구체적으로 다음과같다. 첫째, 불안정한 대학 거버넌스이다. 한국 대학은 외부자 거버넌스와 내부자 거버넌스 그 둘 사이에서 지난한 역사를 반복하며 아직도 거버넌스를 확립하지 못하였다. 둘째, 대학 간 다양화와 기능 분업화 실패이다. 한국 대학은 급속한 양적성장을 이루었지만 대학 간 다양화와 기능 분화를 정착시키지 못하였다. 셋째, 과민영화이다. 한국 대학생은 약 80%가 사립학교에 재학하고 있으며 학부모가 고등교육 재정의 83%를 부담한다. 정부는 공교육 운영 책임 주체로서 충분한 재정을 부담하지 않는다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 세 가지 위기를 해결하기 위한 단초로서 대학 거버넌스의 실증법적 근거가 불충분한 현실을 인지하고, 대학 운영에 정치 간섭이나 행정기관의 과도한 통제를 막는 확고한 법적 근거를 마련해야 한다고 주장한다. 최소한의 조건으로서 이러한 법적 근거가 마련되어야 한국고등교육이 궁극적으로 학문의 자유와 대학 자율을 누릴 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
Korea's higher education is facing a desperate crisis amid continued government interference and control. In this paper, we tried to present the crisis as 1) unstable university governance, 2) failure of intercollegiate functional differentiation between universities, 3) over-privatization, and to present a solution to it. First, Unstable university governance: Korean universities have not yet established governance, repeating their long history between external governance and insider governance. Second, Failure to differentiate and divide functions between universities: rapid growth in higher education has been achieved, but as a result, diversification and division of functions between universities have not been established. Third, Over-privitization: about 80 percent of Korean college students attend private universities, and their parents pay 83 percent of their finances for higher education. The government does not bear the financial burden as a responsible entity for the operation of public education. This study argues that, as a springboard for solving these three crises, the empirical legal basis of university governance is insufficient, and that a firm legal basis should be established to prevent political interference or excessive control of administrative agencies in university operations. Only when such legal grounds are laid out under the minimum conditions will Korea's higher education ultimately enjoy academic freedom and university autonomy.
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