세계화시대의 도시범죄관련 미국 도시설계와 질서유지정책
Crime-related U.S. Urban Design and Order Maintenance Policy in the Era of Globalization: Policy Implications for the Future Urban Design Practices
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초록
본 연구는 경제적 세계화가 미국 내 도시범죄관련 도시설계와 질서유지정책(the order maintenance policy)에 미친 부정적인 영향을 살펴보았다. 정보관련 기술의 발전을 수반한 경제적 세계화는 도심의 중요성을 강조하였고, 극도로 유동화된 자본과 기업체를 유치하기 위한 지역 및 도시 간의 경쟁체제를 조성하였다. 이러한 상황 속에서 미국의 도시설계와 지방정부의 질서유지정책은 세계화된 자본의 구미에 맞는 새로운 개념의 준사유화된 공공공간을 창출, 범죄문제의 근원적 해결책이 되기보단 도시구성계층 간의 공간적 격리수단으로 사용되었다. 미국에서 야기된 이와 같은 부정적 영향을 거울삼아, 향후 도시설계적 접근방식은 범죄예방보단 ‘범죄관련 우려’ 경감을 주요 목표로 설정해야 하며, 도시민의 ‘삶의 질’ 제고에 초점을 맞춘 지역개선프로그램의 일부로서 전환되어야 함을 제시하는 바다. 이와 같은 방향 전환은 지역 구성원의 적극적 참여를 유도, 지역실정에 적합한 대응방안을 수립하는 데 많은 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. 마지막으로, 본 연구는 미국 사례를 중심으로 선언적 제시를 하는 데 그치고 있다. 따라서 기존 CPTED의 주요 원칙을 ‘삶의 질’ 제고 측면에서 재조명 하는 국내 현장중심의 실증적 연구가 뒤따라야 할 것이다.
Abstract
Recent development in information technology did not reduce the necessity of centrality but significantly increased the flexibility of production resources such as capital in the era of globalization. This phenomenon then leads to competition between local to international geographical regions to secure financial resources, making cities and regions vulnerable to the needs and interests of globalized industry. Under such circumstances, crime-related U.S. urban design and order maintenance policy are blamed to be a tool for urban spatial segregation. This paper therefore argues that current crime-related urban design practices or 'crime prevention through environmental design(CPTED)' should be revised and that the change may be facilitated by first shifting its major goal from crime prevention to fear-of-crime reduction in ways that can enhance the quality of urban life. This more comprehensive approach will ensure increased participation of local urban residents and will help come up with context-based, more successful outcomes. This paper, however, calls for follow-up empirical studies revisiting current major design principles of CPTED in association with fear-of-crime reduction and the quality of urban life.
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