가나 대중음악 하이라이프에서 나타나는 생존 전략: 가스펠 하이라이프와 버거 하이라이프 비교 연구
Survival Strategies in Ghanaian Popular Music Highlife: A Comparative Study of Gospel Highlife and Burger Highlife
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참고문헌
키워드
초록
하이라이프는 19세기 말에 탄생한 크리올 음악으로, 오늘날에는 서아프리카를 대표하는 대중음악으로 자리매김했다. 상류 생활(high life)이라는 중의적 의미를 갖는 하이라이프는 사회의 위계를 반영한다. 그것은 가나의 전통을 수호하고 식민 지배에 저항했으며, 국가 정체성 수립을 설파했고 무능하고 부패한 정치를 비판했다. 그러나 1980년대 초 지속적인 정치 불안과 국내외적 경제위기, 그리고 제리 롤링스 정권의 대중문화 말살 정책으로 하이라이프는 생존의 위기에 내몰린다. 본 논문은 하이라이프 연구 최초로, 하이라이프가 위기를 극복하는 과정에서 등장한 가스펠 하이라이프와 버거 하이라이프가 보여주는 생존 전략을 ‘생존을 위한 이동의 방향’, ‘모순적 이중 정체성에 대한 반응’, ‘전지전능한 자본주의와 관계’라는 키워드를 갖고서 비교 분석한다. 생존 과정에서 하이라이프는 자본주의에 잠식되고, 세계 체계 속에서 고통받는 양상을 보인다. 논문은 우열의 위계 속에서 하이라이프가 대중문화로서 가치를 잃지 않도록 과거의 ‘영성’과 ‘야성’을 회복할 것을 제안한다.
Abstract
Highlife, born in the late 19th century as Creole music, has solidified its position as a representative of popular music in West Africa today. With the alternative meaning of "high life," highlife effectively mirrors the societal hierarchy. It has upheld Ghana's traditions, resisted colonial domination, contributed to establishing national identity, and criticized ineffective and corrupt politics. However, in the early 1980s, persistent political unrest, domestic and international economic crises, and Jerry Rawlings' regime's suppression of popular culture pushed Highlife into a survival crisis. For the first time in Highlife research, this paper conducts a comparative analysis of survival strategies demonstrated by Gospel Highlife and Burger Highlife, which emerged during Highlife's process of overcoming a crisis, utilizing keywords such as "direction of movement for survival," "response to contradictory dual identity," and "relationship with omnipotent capitalism." In the survival process, Highlife exhibits a pattern of being eroded by capitalism and enduring hardships within the global system. The paper suggests that to prevent Highlife from losing its value as popular culture in the hierarchy of superior and inferior, it should restore elements of the past, the "spirituality" and the "bravery."
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