해방정국에서 공산세력의 반란전 실패가 주는 시사점

Abstract

The South Korean Worker’s Party, led by Park, Heon-young in the Korean liberation situation, carried out a insurgency to overthrow the South Korean government, but failed. This paper analyzed the reasons why the communist forces at that time failed and drew up the implications. The framework of the analysis used five variables: first, complaints and interests of the collective members; second, organization and leadership of the challenger; third, internal mobilization and external support of the challenger; fourth, strategic tactics of the challenger; and finally, sanctuaries for the survival of the challenger. In the Korean liberation situation, the South Korean communist forces initially gathered the disgruntled forces for effective causes, such as land reform and the liquidation of Japanese colonial rule, to gain support. However, Park, Hun-young, who should rally and lead the disgruntled forces, failed to show proper leadership. Inadequate offensive tactics and brutal violent events led to the loss of public support, without effective support from the North, and could not establish a proper sanctuaries, eventually ending up in a strong crackdown by the government. On the other hand, the South Korean government removed the biggest source of discontent among the people by pushing for farmland reform. They succeeded in winning the people’s hearts by gradually resolving the causes of public discontent, including the withdrawal of the U.S. military government and the free general elections, and reflecting the will of the people in state affairs. Through this, it succeeded in neutralizing the cause of the Communist Forces, isolating them from the masses, and eventually extinguishing them.