안보를 위한 증여, 증여를 위한 불확실성: 국제사회의 리스크와 불확실성

Abstract

"This paper argues that exchange and cooperation at various levels between South and North Korea should be interpreted and planned as the logic of gift, not the logic of contract. The starting point is that security and gift are aimed at defining and managing risks and uncertainties. The concept of security in terms of relations between the international society and states presuppose the notions of risk and uncertainty. And reciprocity mentioned in the area of international relations is close to an ethical virtue. In other words, reciprocity here means equality and cooperation based on international laws. However, it is impossible to explain international relations only by the “logic of contract.” Relations between independent sovereign entities, that is, states, are a stage on which the fundamental ambiguity of giving and reciprocity (repayment) becomes clear. States within the international society are located between war and peace. And these states are in the situation in which any promise that involves ideal forms of contract with legal force is “impossible” because they are within a “intersocietal” society in which communities or societies do not have any commonly-shared rule (Mauss 1969:606). The South-North relations, a very unique case among international relations, cannot be satisfactorily explained by logics of contracts made between the two Koreas. Depending on what and how to give, receive, return and not return, the relationship between the South and the North, which does not share social rules is determined. Gifts are not frustrated by risks and uncertainties, nor occur for firm mutual trust and mutual interests. Risks and uncertainties are the reason why the logic of a gift emerges, not the logic of contracts, and mutual trust and reciprocity is not the starting point of giving, but the future perfect oriented."