거란의 1차 고려 침입 배경에 대한 추가적 검토 －거란 중심의 국제질서로 가는 길－

Abstract

Khitan’s first invasion to Goryeo was a very important event that was linked to changes in the international order in East Asia. After its founding, the Khitan empire expanded its power in all directions, destroying Balhae and securing territories south of Great Wall by receiving ‘Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun’ from Later Jin dynasty. However, the internal politics of the Khitan empire remained unstable due to succession disputes. Under these circumstances, Empress Chengtian tasked with actually leading Khitan. She was able to exert her influence behind her husband and son, and gradually stabilize the empire, preparing it to take control of the situation in East Asia. Before Khitan pressured the Northern Song into a ‘Chanyan Treaty’, Khitan’s first priority was to establish a relationship with Goryeo. Goryeo was the ‘only’ independent state to the east of Khitan. Therefore, in order to subdue the Northern Song in the future, Khitan wanted to cut off the relationship between Goryeo and Northern Song and establish diplomatic relations with Goryeo directly. The way to do this was through military invasion, and since Goryeo sent Seo Hee for talks and had intention of establishing relations with Khitan, the war ended relatively smoothly. And as Goryeo and Northern Song disagreed over military support and severed formal relations, the formation of Khitan-centered international order proceeded more rapidly than expected. Therefore, when analyzing Khitan’s first invasion to Goryeo, it’s also important to keep the whole historical context of East Eurasia in mind. In the process of stabilizing the situation in East Asia in the 11th century after the collapse of the Tang Empire, the historical significance of Khitan’s first invasion to Goryeo is that it served as a great springboard for the establishment of Khitan-centered international order in East Eurasia.