수의 정치: 난민인정률의 국제비교
Politics of Number: A Comparison of Refugee Recognition Rates
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초록
왜 어떤 나라의 난민인정률은 다른 나라의 난민인정률보다 더 높은가? 난민인정률이 높으면 난민을 보호하는 데에 더 적극적이고 난민인정률이 낮으면 난민을 보호하는 데에 더 소극적인가? 이 연구는 국제사회의 난민인정률을 총합적 자료와 세분화된 자료로 비교함으로써 난민인정률의 경험적 의미를 분석하고 있다. 연구의 결과에 의하면, 평균에 기초한 난민인정률의 단순 비교는 개별국가의 난민정책의 결과를 설명하는 데에 제한적이며, 각 국가들이 난민인정 규범과 원칙을 준수한다고 하더라도 실제 국내외적 정치적 상황에 따라 그것을 적용하는 방식을 달리하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이는 한국의 난민인정률을 OECD 평균 수준으로 높이는 것도 중요하지만, 난민인정절차에서 난민보호를 위해 인권우선적인 정책을 집행하는 것이 더 중요함을 보여준다.
Abstract
Why are refugee recognition rates in some countries higher than those in others? To what extent does refugee recognition rate represent the level of government’s commitment to the international protection of refugees? This research compares aggregate and disaggregate data of the refugee recognition rates in European countries exploring empirical meanings of the rates. Findings illustrate that 1) statistical means of the refugee recognition rates hardly capture the dynamics of the determination process of refugee status in each country; 2) each government implements refugee policy in various ways, responding to the changing conditions of domestic politics. These findings imply that for refugee protection in Korea, it is much important to develop and implement refugee policy based on a human rights first approach, rather than to increase the refugee recognition rate.
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