고독해결을 위한 ‘예술기반 사회적 처방’ 정책 확산과 문화정책적 함의: 영국 사례를 중심으로
The Arts-based Social Prescription for Tackling Loneliness and Its Implications for Cultural Policy: the English Case
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2018년 영국 정부는 범부처 차원의 고독전략(loneliness strategy)을 공식발표했다. 문화정책 관점에서 이 발표가 주목되는 것은 ‘고독해결’이라는 국정 의제 하에 ‘예술기반 사회적 처방’ 정책을 적극 추진한다는 점이다. “예술기반 사회적 처방”은 우울증 및 경·중증 정신질환 환자에게 예술을 처방하는 것을 말한다. 영국 정부는 이 정책이 고독 문제 해결을 넘어, 예술접근성에서의 고질적 불평등 해소와 복지비용 절감 등 상호 호혜적 정책효과를 가져올 것이라 강조한다. 그러나 본고는 이 정책이 예술분야 공적 지원 확대나 예술의 가치에 대한 공적담론 심화를 견인하기 어렵다는 점에 주목하고자 한다. 본 논문의 목적은 ‘예술기반 사회적 처방’ 정책 부상의 배경과 의의를 살펴보고, 이를 추동하는 근거 및 주장에 대한 문화정책적 관점에서의 비판적 고찰을 제시하는 데 있다. 이를 정책자원, 수단, 목표 측면에서 살펴보고, 예술 개념의 모호성 및 치료와 치유 간 개념적 혼란, 수단적 차원에서 전문성 확보의 불확실성, 특정대상 목적지원이 예술접근성의 사회구조적 불평등 해소에 기여한다는 논리의 비약 가능성 등 정책적 모순이 내포되어 있음을 지적한다. 그러나 문화정책관점에서 이 정책의 보다 근원적인 문제점은 문화정책 담론의 치유적 전회를 야기하고, 현 영국정부가 추동하는 보건의료 정책의 신자유주의성을 이데올로기 차원에서 합리화하는 문화적 기제로서 오용될 가능성이 농후하다는 데 있음을 지적한다. 이에 국내 적용을 위해서는 상당히 신중하고 균형적인 검토가 필요함을 제언한다.
Abstract
In 2018, the British government declared a national agenda for a cross-governmental strategy to tackle loneliness as a form of social isolation. From the point of cultural policy scholarship, it comes to a particular attention in that they professed the “arts-based social prescribing” as a key initiative. The arts-based social prescription implies a non-clinical way of connecting patients to a range of arts activities. The purpose of this article is to provide a critical analysis of why and how this policy initiative has emerged in Britain based on scholarly reflections on both rationales and claims of the British government. I argue that despite its positive effects on the individual level, this initiative disguises some serious underlying contradictions. It explores the patients in terms of resources, tool, and objective of the social policy. But more fundamentally, this strategy might trigger a therapeutic turn of cultural policy discourses for arts funding while functioning as an ideological gimmick to rationalize the current conservative government’s neo-liberalistic intention behind the health and social care policy. As such, it suggests there should be a more serious and balanced approach to its domestic application into the Korean context.
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