고려시대 선밀쌍수의 전개 양상 고찰 주선종밀(主禪從密)을 중심으로

Abstract

The Buddhist practices in the Joseon period are summarized by Seon(禪), Reading scripture(看經) and Invocation to Buddha(念 佛). These tendencies are still maintained as contemporary practi ces of Korean Buddhism. However, among the important elements that support Korean Buddhism are ceremonial occasions such as the creation of Buddhist statues, temple construction, consecration ceremonies, and rituals for ancestral memorial services, all of which originate from Esoteric Buddhism. Esoteric Buddhism con stitutes the ritual material of Buddhism but also internally develops meditation to develope nature of body, speech and .mind and fi nally promote immediate attainment of Buddhahood. Since the co existence of Seon and Esoteric Buddhism in East Asia Seon masters made use of Mantras and Dharanis and rituals of Esoteric Buddhism to overcome Maras and aslo adopted the practices of Mahayana Buddhism by way of elements of esoteric Buddhism. This tradition is referred to as Dual practice of Seon and Esoteric Buddhism(禪密雙修, DPSEB) signifying a tradition of simultaneous practice involving both Seon and Vajrayana. The origin of DPSEB in Korean Buddhism was stated by Bulgasaui(不可思議) who was an Asarya(阿闍梨) during the Silla period, who explained the Expedients(方便) in Esoteric Buddhism are for those of low qual ification in his work "The Commentary of Ritual of Vairocana Sutra (供養次第法疏)" in which of the work stated that the high qualified disciples attain sudden realization(頓悟). The appearance of DPSEB in Koryo dynasty emphasizes attaining wisdom the realized Seon masters should relieving suffering of sentient beings and society where he belongs. In The Ten Thousands Arms Sutra(千手經), it is said that Mantras and Dharanis are Stages of Seon and other contemplation(禪定藏) and another works of "Collection of Sanskrit Dharanis(梵書摠持集)“ supported ideas DPSEB with which many monks leaving their mark in this tradition.