태권도의 집단 공동적, 개연적, 권력 집중적, 남성 중심적문화양상에 관한 연구
Cultural Explications in a Martial Art, Taekwondo; Collectivistic, Power-centered, Probabilistic, and Masculine
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태권도는 주로 겨루기, 격파, 품새, 기타 호신술 등을 통하여 태권도가 나타내고자 하는 육체, 정신, 사회적 자아의 수련 이미지를 표출하고 있다. 본 연구 포괄적으로 태권도 수련의 사회학적 이해를 넓히는 데 그 목적이 있으며 이를 통하여 태권도에서 나타날 수 있는 제반 사회문화적 현상, 특히 전통적인 여러 특이 양상들은 물론 성(性; gender) 혹은 남성성에 관한 현상들에 관하여 비판론적(critical) 접근방법을 통해 그 사회학적 이해를 넓히고자 하는 데 궁극적 목적이 있다. 이와 같은 연구 목적을 얻고자 미 중서부 미시건지역의 한 대학 태권도 수업과정에 참여하였고 참여관찰법과 설문법을 사용하여 다양한 사회문화적 양상들을 함께 얻어낼 수 있었다. 결과적으로 태권도 수련을 통하여 타(서구) 스포츠와 구분되어지는 집단 공동적(collectivistic), 개연적(probabilistic), 권력 집중적(power-centered), 그리고 남성 중심적(masculine)인 사회문화적 양상들이 표면적으로 다양하게 표현되고 있음을 확인하게 되었고 태권도를 통해 볼 수 있는 이러한 사회문화적 양상들이 어느 특정 사회집단에 지양 혹은 배타적이 될 수 있는 보수적인 형태로 유지되고 있음을 본 연구는 밝히고 있다
Abstract
Taekwondo is often showcased with sparring, breaking, forms, and some other types of self-defense skills to demonstrate the primary images of Taekwondo disciplines on physical, mental, and social oneself. The study has conducted a critical examination of what consider as cultural productions in the lineage of the contemporary social patterns as presented and expressed through Taekwondo as to socio-cultural traditions, gender, and masculinities. The purpose of the study was to aid Taekwondo practitioners to become more reflective and critical to the sociological realm of human relationships in their sport as a humane sport activity for all regardless of any social statuses. For the study, regular Taekwondo club classes were observed at a mid-Michigan university for a one-semester term. During the study, formal interviews were also conducted to examine the socio-cultural traditions, gender, and masculinities in Taekwondo. As a result, the distinctive features of Taekwondo were demonstrated with many unique collectivistic, probabilistic, power-centered, and masculine aspects of culture. Along with more in-depth analyses on the findings, it is suggested that Taekwondo explicitly maintains many traditional features with its employment of cultural conservativeness.
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