퍼즐과제 수행 시 어머니가 보이는 지지와 유아의 마음이론 간의 관계
Maternal Support during a Puzzle Task and Preschoolers’ Theory of Mind
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본 연구는 만 4, 5세 유아와 그들의 어머니를 대상으로 퍼즐과제 수행 시 어머니가 보이는 지지와 유아의 마음이론의 일반적 경향 및 사회인구학적 특성에 따른 차이를 살펴보고, 두 변인 간 관련성을 탐색하는 것을 주목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 서울시에 거주하는 만 4, 5세 유아와 그들의 어머니 73쌍을 대상으로 실험실 상황에서 자료를 수집하였다. 주요 결과를 요약하면 첫째, 유아의 연령, 형제자매의 수, 어머니의 교육수준과 같은 사회인구학적 특성에 따른 유아의 마음이론에서의 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 둘째, 퍼즐과제 수행 시 어머니들은 인지적 지지보다 정서적 지지와 자율성 지지를 더 많이 보였으며, 유아들은 마음이론 과제에서 외양실제과제, 틀린믿음과제(위치이동과제, 내용교체과제), 이차틀린믿음과제 순으로 더 높은 수행을 보였다. 셋째, 어머니의 지지와 유아의 마음이론 간의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 퍼즐과제 수행 시 어머니의 인지적 지지와 정서적 지지는 마음이론과 유의한 상관을 보였지만, 자율성 지지와 마음이론 간 상관은 유의하지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 어머니의 지지가 유아의 마음이론 발달에 중요한 양육행동의 차원이라는 것을 제안한다.
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the general tendencies of maternal support during a puzzle task and preschoolers’ theory of mind, and to examine the relationship between maternal support and preschoolers’ theory of mind. A total of 73 four- and five-year old preschoolers and their mothers participated in a videotaped laboratory procedure. Mothers interacted with their child for six minutes during a puzzle task that was a little difficult for the child to complete independently. Preschoolers completed a battery of theory of mind tasks. The findings of this study are as follows. First, mothers displayed more emotional and autonomy support than cognitive support during the puzzle task. In addition, preschoolers performed these tasks well in the following order: appearance-reality tasks, false-belief tasks, and second-order false- belief tasks. Second, there were no significant differences on maternal support and preschoolers’ theory of mind in terms of preschoolers’ gender and age, number of siblings and mothers’ educational level. Finally, maternal cognitive and emotional support were significantly related to children’s theory of mind, while autonomy support did not have a significant relationship with preschoolers’ performance on theory of mind tasks.
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