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발달 초기 어머니의 공감 능력과 자녀의 실행기능, 마음이론과 공감 능력 발달의 관계 탐색

Exploring the relationships between early maternal empathy and the child’s later executive function, theory of mind, and empathy

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주제분류심리과학

초록

양육자의 공감 능력은 민감하게 자녀의 마음과 상태를 파악하고 이에 적합한 상호작용 환경을 제공함으로써 자녀의 인지와 정서, 사회적 능력 등 다양한 측면의 발달을 촉진하는 중요한 발판이 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 가능성을 탐색하고자 69쌍의 어머니-자녀 종단 자료를 수집하여, 유아기 어머니의 공감 능력의 개인차가 이후 자녀의 실행기능, 마음이론과 공감 능력 발달을 예측하는지 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 자녀가 14~20개월일 때 측정된 어머니 공감 능력의 개인차는 자녀가 60개월이 되었을 때 측정된 아동의 공감 능력 중 감정 이입의 개인차를 양육자 교육 수준과 가정의 연 소득을 통제하고도 유의하게 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 아동의 실행기능이나 마음이론의 여러 하위 요인(정서, 믿음이해 등)에 대해서는 아동의 어휘가 가지는 영향력을 뛰어넘지 못하는 것으로 나타나 본 연구에서 측정된 발달 초기 양육자 공감 능력의 개인차는 같은 영역을 넘어 다양한 관련 영역의 발달을 직접적으로 예측하는 데에는 한계가 있을 가능성을 시사하였다.

Abstract

Parental empathy may play an important role in promoting children's cognitive, social and emotional development, by sensitively interpreting their mental states and providing an appropriate environment. To explore this possibility, this study examined whether maternal empathy in infancy predicts a child's later executive function, theory of mind, and empathy development through longitudinal data from 69 mother-child dyads. We found that maternal empathy, measured when a child was 14-20 months old, predicted the child's emotion contagion at 60 months, even when controlling for maternal education and family income. However, this influence did not exceed the child's vocabulary on executive function or theory of mind (emotion, belief understanding, etc.). These findings suggest that the types of individual differences in parental empathy measured in our study may be limited in predicting long-term developmental outcome of executive functioning and theory of mind.

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