애착에 따른 스트레스에 대한 신체적 반응: 대학 신입생들의 적응기간 코티졸 수준 변화
Effects of Attachment on Physical response of Stress: Changes of Cortisol Level during adjusting period among University Freshmen
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본 연구는 애착과 건강의 관계를 객관적인 방법으로 이해하기 위하여 애착유형에 따라 구체적인 스트레스에 대한 신체적 반응과정을 검증하고자 하였다. 대학 신입생을 대상으로 적응기간 동안 시간경과에 따라 스트레스에 대한 신체적 반응과 이에 미치는 애착의 영향을 파악하기 위하여 단기종단연구를 실시하였다. 대학 신입생 200명을 대상으로 기준선(오리엔테이션), 생활사건 초기(Time 1)와 적응기(Time 2)에 스트레스 호르몬(Cortisol)을 측정하여 그 프로파일의 변화를 관찰하였다. 단기종단실험을 통한 타액검사결과에 의하면, 아버지나 어머니와 불안정 애착수준은 코티졸 수준과 유의한 상관을 보였다. 기준선 코티졸 수준은 건강문제와 높은 상관을 보였으며, 2차시 코티졸 수준은 일상생활스트레스와 높은 상관을 보였다. 불안정 애착집단은 안정애착집단에 비하여 코티졸 수준이 높은 경향을 보이나 집단 간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 안정집단과 불안정 집단 간의 유의미한 프로파일의 차이는 나타났다. 안정집단은 2차시에 비해 1차시의 코티졸 수준이 높은 반면, 불안정집단은 1차시 보다 2차시의 코티졸 수준이 더 높았다. 이는 안정유형자들은 입학 초기 스트레스 수준이 높았으나 3개월 후 대학 적응기에는 스트레스 수준이 내려갔음을 보여준다. 이와 대조적으로 불안정 애착유형자들은 입학초기의 높은 스트레스 수준이 3개월 뒤에는 더 올라갔다. 즉, 적응기간 동안 스트레스에 대한 반응은 애착유형에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
I investigated the mechanism between psychological factors such attachment and personal relationship and individual health based on the bioecological model. 200 University freshmen who were in the transitional life stage are selected for short term follow-up study from one university in Busan. The level of cortisol was measured on the baseline, the onset of life stress (Time 1), and the end of semester (Time 2). Insecure attachment to mother were significantly related to cortisol level in baseline, time 1, and time 2. Cortisol level in baseline was highly correlated to health problem, while cortisol level in time 2 was highly related to daily life stress among freshmen. Insecure attachment group showed a tendency of higher cortisol level than secure attachment group, however there was no significant difference of cortisol level between groups. There were significant profile differences between secure and insecure group. Secure group showed higher cortisol level in time 1 than time 2, while insecure group showed higher cortisol level in time 2 than time 1. That is secure individuals have higher stress in the beginning of the university life. The stress levels were going down since they have adjusted to the school life during 3 months. In contrast insecure individuals have higher stress in the beginning of the university life. The stress levels were even going upward after 3 months.
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