애착 유형에 따른 억압의 강도와 스트레스 지각 및 대처방식
Degree of Repression, Stress Perception and Ability to Cope with Stress According to Attachment Style
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본 연구는 애착 유형에 따른 억압의 강도와 스트레스 지각과 대처 양식의 차이를 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 서울과 수도권 소재 대학의 재학생 634명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 측정도구로는 성인 애착 질문지와 애착 유형 질문지, 말로우-크로운 사회적 바람직성 척도(M-CSDS), 테일러 표출 불안 척도(TMAS), 스트레스 지각 척도와 스트레스 대처 양식 척도를 사용하였다. 억압의 정도와 스트레스 지각 및 대처방식에 대한 애착정도의 영향을 살펴본 결과, 애착 정도가 높을수록 억압 정도가 높으며, 스트레스 지각을 적게 하고 적극적인 대처방식을 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 애착 유형에 따른 억압의 정도의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 안정형 애착인 사람들은 타 애착 유형에 비해 사회적 바람직성을 높게 보고하였으며 불안을 적게 보고하였다. 애착 유형과 억압의 정도에 따른 스트레스 지각의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 각 애착 유형에서 저억압자가 고억압자에 비해 스트레스를 지각하는 정도가 유의하게 높았으며, 불안-양가형 애착 저억압, 회피형 애착 저억압, 안정형 애착 저억압자의 순으로 스트레스를 높게 지각하였다. 각 유형의 고억압자에 대해서도 같은 순서로 스트레스 지각 정도의 차이가 나타났으나 유의미하지는 않았다. 애착 유형과 억압의 정도에 따른 스트레스 대처의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 안정형 애착 고/저억압자들은 회피형 애착 저억압자, 불안-양가형 애착 고/저억압자들에 비해 적극적인 대처를 유의하게 많이 사용하였다. 이는 같은 정도의 억압을 사용한다 하더라도 애착 유형에 따라 스트레스를 지각하는 정도와 적응적으로 대처하는 방식에 차이가 있을 수 있음을 의미하며, 억압의 정도와 그 형태가 다양화된다면 억압도 건강한 삶의 조건이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
Attachment influences personality and is related to repression which is a personality trait. According to the Approach System Model of Schwartz, although repression can be adaptive, it may actually have an effect on health. The purpose of this study was the following. This study first axamined the influence of attachment on repression, stress perception, coping with stress, and then examined the differences in the degree of repression, stress perception, and strategies for coping with stress between the various attachment styles. A total of 644 university students participated in this study by completing a questionnaire investigating attachment styles, degree of repression, stress perception and use of coping strategies. A total of 422 students were finally selected by discriminant analysis of the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) and Hazan & Shaver's attachment style scale. The following results were obtained. The students in the secure attachment group scored higher on the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (M-CSDS) and lower on the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS) than those in the other groups. That is, the secure attachment group exhibited more repression. The high repression group had a significantly low level of stress perception and used a more positive coping strategy. These differences are most apparent in individuals with a secure attachment style. The use of positive coping strategy was significantly higher in the secure attachment-high repression group and the secure attachment-low repression group. However the individuals in the anxious/ambivalent attachment-high repression group perceived less stress and used fewer positive coping strategies than those in the other groups. The subject in the avoidant attachment-high repression group also perceived less stress, and were more likely to seek social support strategies in the level of marginally significance. The result of this study suggests that adaption may differ according to attachment styles and the degree of repression. That is, in the repression groups there are differences in strategies used to cope with stress according to attachment styles. One's capacity for repression is necessary for coping effectively in daily living. Therefore in counselling situations, the therapist must not view repression as being to be undesirable. Therapists must not only support positive aspects of repression but help clients use more adaptive and flexible coping strategies.
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