또래괴롭힘 가해 및 피해 심각성과 공감적 분노 및 슬픔 간의 관계와공감적 분노 및 슬픔의 또래괴롭힘 방어행동에 대한 영향
The Relationship between Peer Bullying and Victim Severity and Empathic Anger and Empathic Sadness, and The Influence of Empathic Anger and Empathic Sadness on Bullying Defensive Behavior
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 또래괴롭힘 가해 및 피해 심각성 수준의 주효과 및 상호작용 효과가 공감적 분노 및 슬픔에 나타나는지 알아보고, 또래괴롭힘 방어행동에 대한 공감적 분노 및 슬픔의 상대적 영향을 살펴보는 것이다. 연구방법: 연구대상은 중학교에 재학중인 중 1, 2학년 482명이다. 연구대상자들은 또래괴롭힘 상황의 가해 및 피해 심각성 조합에 의한 4가지 설문지 중 하나를 제공받고 공감적 분노 및 슬픔, 청소년이 지각한 가해 및 피해 심각성 정도, 방어행동을 측정하는 문항에 응답하였다. 자료 분석 방법은 신뢰도 Cronbach’ α, 독립표본 t검정, 이원변량분석, Pearson 상관분석, 중다회귀분석을 실시하였고 SPSS 25.0 버전을 사용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과: 첫째, 또래괴롭힘 가해 심각성 수준에 따라 청소년의 공감적 분노 및 슬픔 모두 차이가 있었고, 피해 심각성 수준에 따라서는 공감적 슬픔에만 유의한 차이가 있었다. 가해 및 피해 심각성의 상호작용효과는 공감적 분노에 대해서만 나타났다. 둘째, 청소년의 공감적 분노 및 슬픔은 친사회적 방어행동에만 유의한 영향을 미쳤고 공격적 방어행동에는 공감적 분노 및 슬픔 모두 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결론: 첫째, 또래괴롭힘 상황에서 주변 또래들은 피해아 고통에 대한 공감이 우선되어야 가해에 대한 분노가 일어난다. 둘째, 친사회적 방어행동을 높이기 위해서는 주변 또래들이 피해아의 고통을 공감함과 동시에 피해아의 안녕과 권리를 침해하는 가해에 도덕적으로 민감해야 함을 시사한다.
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to determine how the main and interaction effects of peer bullying and victim severity level affect empathic anger and empathic sadness, and to examine relative influence of empathic anger and empathic sadness on defensive behavior against peer bullying. Methods: The participants were 482 first and second year middle school students. Using a scenario-based factorial design, The participants were provided with one of four questionnaires based on a combination of the severity of bullying and victim in peer bullying situations, and questions measuring empathic anger and sadness, the severity of bullying and victim perceived by youth, and defensive behavior. responded. Data analysis methods included reliability Cronbach' α, t-test, two-way Anova, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. These were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: First, both empathic anger and sadness in adolescents showed differences depending on the severity level of peer bullying. A significant difference presented only in empathic sadness depending on the severity level of victimization. The interaction effect between bullying and victim severity appeared only for empathic anger. Second, empathic anger and empathic sadness had a significant effect only on adolescents' prosocial defensive behavior. Neither empathic anger nor sadness had a significant effect on aggressive defensive behavior. Conclusions: First, in a situation of peer bullying, surrounding peers must first empathize with the victim's pain in order for anger toward the bully to arise. Second, to increase pro-social defensive behavior, surrounding peers have to sympathize with the victim's pain and simultaneously be morally sensitive to bullying that violates the victim's well-being and rights.
참고문헌 (43)
- 김지은, "또래괴롭힘 상황에서 주변또래역할에 따른 청소년의 공감, 친사회적 도덕추론, 집단규범 인식의 차이", 석사, 아동가족학과, pp.2012
- 서미정, "방관자의 집단 특성에 따른 또래괴롭힘 참여 역할행동", 아동학회지, 29(5), pp.79~96 (2008), 한국아동학회
- 이승연, "중학생의 공감, 사회적 자기효능감, 지각된 규준과 또래괴롭힘 방어행동과의 관계", 한국심리학회지: 발달, 27(3), pp.89~109 (2014), 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회
- 이종형, "호프만의 공감에 기초를 둔 정의에 관한 연구", 윤리교육연구, (9), pp.177~200 (2006), 한국윤리교육학회
- 전희선, "중학생의 또래괴롭힘 피해와 자살생각의 관계에서 분노의 매개효과 및 암묵적 이론의 조절효과", 석사, pp.2016
- 정아혜, "유사 사이버 괴롭힘 상황에서 여중생의 주변인으로서 반응 분석: 또래 괴롭힘 가․피해 및 분노 경험의 영향", 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제, 26(1), pp.1~24 (2020), 한국문화및사회문제심리학회[DOI]
- 조민수, "제 3자적 분노와 친사회적 행동간의 관계: 슬픔과 비교를 중심으로", 석사, pp.2018
- 최정원, "보편적 가치와 집단따돌림 참여역할에 관한 연구: 도덕적 정서와 도덕적이탈의 매개효과를 중심으로", 박사, pp.2018
- Batson, C. D., "Advances in experimental social psychology", pp.65~122 (1987), Academic Press
- Batson, C. D., "The altruism question" (1991), Erlbaum
- C. Daniel Batson, "Anger at unfairness: is it moral outrage?", European Journal of Social Psychology, 37(6), pp.1272~1285 (2007), Wiley[DOI]
- C. Daniel Batson, "Is empathy-induced helping due to self–other merging?", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(3), pp.495~509 (1997), American Psychological Association (APA)[DOI]
- Batson, C. D., "Emotion", pp.326~ (1992), Sage
- Carlo, G., "Facilitating and disinhibiting prosocial behaviors : The nonlinear interaction of trait perspective taking and trait personal distress on volunteering", Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 21(3), pp.189~197 (1999)[DOI]
- SYLVANA M. CÔTÉ, "The joint development of physical and indirect aggression: Predictors of continuity and change during childhood", Development and Psychopathology, 19(01) (2007), Cambridge University Press (CUP)[DOI]
- Richard J. Davidson, "Emotion, plasticity, context, and regulation: Perspectives from affective neuroscience.", Psychological Bulletin, 126(6), pp.890~909 (2000), American Psychological Association (APA)[DOI]
- Davis, M. H., "Empathy: A social psychological approach" (1994), Brown & Benchmark
- Gianluca Gini, "Determinants of adolescents’ active defending and passive bystanding behavior in bullying", Journal of Adolescence, 31(1), pp.93~105 (2007), Wiley[DOI]
- Graham, S., "Victims of Bullying in Schools", Theory Into Practice, 55(2), pp.136~144 (2016)[DOI]
- Greitemeyer, T., "Civil courage : Implicit theories, related concepts, and measurement", The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(2), pp.115~119 (2007)[DOI]
- Tilmann Habermas, "The emotional impact of loss narratives: Event severity and narrative perspectives.", Emotion, 10(3), pp.312~323 (2010), American Psychological Association (APA)[DOI]
- Hadit, J., "The moral emotions", Handbook of Affective Sciences, 11(2003), pp.852~870 (2003)
- Hoffman, M. L., "Social and moral values", pp.65~86 (1989), Erlbaum
- Juvonen, J., "Understanding peer influence in children and adolescents", pp.225~244 (2008), The Guilford Press
- Landmann, H., "What elicits third-party anger? The effects of moral violation and others’ outcome on anger and compassion", Cognition and emotion, 31(6), pp.1097~1111 (2017)[DOI]
- Langdon, S. W., "The relationship between levels of perceived respect and bullying in 5th through 12th graders", Adolescence, 43, pp.485~503 (2008)
- Heather C. Lench, "Exploring the Toolkit of Emotion: What Do Sadness and Anger Do for Us?", Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 10(1), pp.11~25 (2016), Wiley[DOI]
- Jennifer S. Lerner, "Emotion and Decision Making", Annual Review of Psychology, 66(1), pp.799~823 (2015), Annual Reviews[DOI]
- Albert Mehrabian, "A measure of emotional empathy1", Journal of Personality, 40(4), pp.525~543 (1972), Wiley[DOI]
- Meter, Diana J., "Aggressive, assertive and non-confrontational forms of defending:differentiation of forms and consequences of defending", Doctoral, pp.2015
- Gerold Mikula, "The Role of Injustice in the Elicitation of Differential Emotional Reactions", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(7), pp.769~783 (1998), SAGE Publications[DOI]
- Leo Montada, "Justice and emotional reactions to the disadvantaged", Social Justice Research, 3(4), pp.313~344 (1989), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
- Daniela Niesta Kayser, "Why mood affects help giving, but not moral courage: Comparing two types of prosocial behaviour", European Journal of Social Psychology, 40(7), pp.1136~1157 (2010), Wiley[DOI]
- Jean Decety, "Is empathy necessary for morality?", International Journal of Psychophysiology, 108, pp.24~ (2016), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Albert Reijntjes, "Peer victimization and internalizing problems in children: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies", Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(4), pp.244~252 (2010), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Salmivalli, C., "Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized", pp.398~419 (2001), Guilford Press
- Christina Salmivalli, "Bullying and the peer group: A review", Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(2), pp.112~120 (2010), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Christina Salmivalli, "Bystanders Matter: Associations Between Reinforcing, Defending, and the Frequency of Bullying Behavior in Classrooms", Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40(5), pp.668~676 (2011), Informa UK Limited[DOI]
- Miia Sainio, "Victims and their defenders: A dyadic approach", International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35(2), pp.144~151 (2010), SAGE Publications
- Heather J. Smith, "Anger, Fear, or Sadness: Faculty Members' Emotional Reactions to Collective Pay Disadvantage", Political Psychology, 29(2), pp.221~246 (2008), Wiley[DOI]
- Kyle D. Smith, "Trait Sympathy and Perceived Control as Predictors of Entering Sympathy-Arousing Situations", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(2), pp.207~216 (1992), SAGE Publications[DOI]
- Janne van Doorn, "Anger and Prosocial Behavior", Emotion Review, 6(3), pp.261~268 (2014), SAGE Publications[DOI]
- Guy D. Vitaglione, "Assessing a new dimension of empathy:Empathic anger as a predictor of helping and punishing desires", Motivation and Emotion, 27(4), pp.301~325 (2003), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]