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야고보서의 tel-어군(語群)의 사용과 ‘온전함’의 의미

The Use of tel–cognates and the Meaning of ‘Perfection’ in the Epistle of James

채영삼
한국복음주의신약학회 (Korean Evangelical Society of New Testament Studies)|2012.03|신약연구 (Korean Evangelical New Testament Sudies)|제11권 제1호|pp. 93-130|DOI 10.24229/kents.2012.11.1.004

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키워드

목적lawfaithJames과정인내patienceprocessgoal믿음sanctificationfruits성화perfection율법온전함야고보서열매

초록

To anyone who reads carefully the Greek text of the letter of James, it can hardly be missed that James indeed favors the terms of tel‒cognates. They occur, except in chapter 4, total 9times in the letter. First, the adjective te,leioj in 1:4 modifies the ‘endurance’ (4a) which must run its course to its fullness, and also ‘the man’ (4b; cf. 3:2) who thus reaches the goal of its whole process of the endurance. Then, the ideas of the goal and its process are expressed again by avpotelesqei/sa in 1:15, yet now vividly and strikingly in the negative direction. In contrast with the case above, James describes ‘God’s abundant giving or gifts from above’ using the adjective tel, eioj in 1:17. In what sense in 1:25 is the law perfect (tel, eioj)? Likewise,when James says, ‘if you fulfill (telei/te, ‘not keep/observe’) in 2:8,tele,w cannot, without difficulties, be equated with thre,w in 2:10. Again, James applies this tel-concept as he presents what he really means by ‘faith is perfected (avpotelesqei/sa) by its works’ in 2:22. Lastly, James uses the noun te,loj ‘of the Lord’ in 5:11. To conclude, it is likely that the ideas of ‘the intended goal’ and ‘the necessitated process’ involved in his concept of perfection, play significant roles to help the readers understand what James really means by the endurance, God’s gifts, law, faith and the final outcomes. With the beginning of faith presupposed, James lays much emphasis on the goal of the faith and its process to fulfill, yet he makes sure that the outcome is always God’s gracious prefect gift.

Abstract

To anyone who reads carefully the Greek text of the letter of James, it can hardly be missed that James indeed favors the terms of tel‒cognates. They occur, except in chapter 4, total 9times in the letter. First, the adjective te,leioj in 1:4 modifies the ‘endurance’ (4a) which must run its course to its fullness, and also ‘the man’ (4b; cf. 3:2) who thus reaches the goal of its whole process of the endurance. Then, the ideas of the goal and its process are expressed again by avpotelesqei/sa in 1:15, yet now vividly and strikingly in the negative direction. In contrast with the case above, James describes ‘God’s abundant giving or gifts from above’ using the adjective tel, eioj in 1:17. In what sense in 1:25 is the law perfect (tel, eioj)? Likewise,when James says, ‘if you fulfill (telei/te, ‘not keep/observe’) in 2:8,tele,w cannot, without difficulties, be equated with thre,w in 2:10. Again, James applies this tel-concept as he presents what he really means by ‘faith is perfected (avpotelesqei/sa) by its works’ in 2:22. Lastly, James uses the noun te,loj ‘of the Lord’ in 5:11. To conclude, it is likely that the ideas of ‘the intended goal’ and ‘the necessitated process’ involved in his concept of perfection, play significant roles to help the readers understand what James really means by the endurance, God’s gifts, law, faith and the final outcomes. With the beginning of faith presupposed, James lays much emphasis on the goal of the faith and its process to fulfill, yet he makes sure that the outcome is always God’s gracious prefect gift.

참고문헌 (34)

  1. Peter H. Davids, "The Epistle of James: A Commentary on the Greek Text", pp.69~70 (1982), Eerdmans
  2. Martin Dibelius, "A Commentary on the Epistle of James", pp.74~ (1976), Fortress Press
  3. Mark E. Taylor, "A Text-Linguistic Investigation into the Discourse Structure of James", pp.121~122 (2006), T & T Clark
  4. F.O. Francis, "The Form and Function of the Opening and Closing Paragraphs of James and 1 John", ZNW, 61, pp.110~111 (1970)
  5. Peter Davies, "A Commentary on the Epistle of James", pp.24~27 (1982), Eerdmans
  6. Walter T. Wilson, "Sin as Sex and Sex with Sin: The Anthropology of James 1:12-15", HTR, 95, pp.147~168 (2002)
  7. William R. Baker, "Who’s your daddy Gendered Birth Images in the Soteriology of the Epistle of James (1:14-15, 18, 21)", EQ, 79(3), pp.195~207 (2007)
  8. 채영삼, "“마음에 심긴 도를 온유함으로 받으라”: 야고보서 1:21b의 신학적 중심성", 신약연구, 9(3), pp.465~515 (2010), 한국복음주의신약학회
  9. Venerable Bede, "Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, vol. 11: James, 1-2 Peter, 1-3 John, Jude" (2000), IVP
  10. Dibelius, James, "A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle of St. James", pp.158~ (1916), T & T Clark
  11. Donald J. Verseput, "James 1:17 and the Jewish Morning Prayers", NovT, 38, pp.1~15 (1996)
  12. Mark Kiley, "Prayer from Alexander to Constantine: A Critical Anthology" (1997), Routledge
  13. I-Jin Loh, "A Handbook on The Letter from James", pp.37~ (1997), United Bible Societies
  14. H. Palmer, "James i.8 and the offering of first-fruits", TynB, 3, pp.1~2 (1957)
  15. Sophie Laws, "The Epistle of James", pp.74~78 (1980), A & C Black
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  20. Jackson-McCabe, "Logos and Law", ~
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  22. Patrick J. Hartin, "The Religious Context, In Jewish Christianity Reconsidered", pp.210~ (2007), Fortress
  23. 채영삼, "마음에 심긴 도", pp.465~515
  24. Majorie O’Rourke Boyle, "The Stoic Paradox of James 2, 10", NTS, 31, pp.611~617 (1985)
  25. Jason A. Whitlark, "e;mfutoj lo,goj: A New Covenant Motif in the Letter of James", Horizons in Biblical Theology, 32, pp.144~165 (2010)
  26. 이준호, "야고보와 바울의 행함과 믿음: 야고보서의 상황, 배경, 본문을 중심으로", 신약연구, 10(3), pp.653~688 (2011), 한국복음주의신약학회
  27. Craig L. Blomberg, "James", pp.137~ (2008), Zondervan
  28. Luke T. Johnson, "The Letter of James", pp.243~ (1995), Doubleday
  29. Mayor, Ropes, "Ein vollkommenes Werk, In Vollkommenheit, Gesetz und Gericht als theologische Theme des Jakobusbriefes", pp.79~80 (1995), Kohlhammer
  30. D.H. Gard, "The Concept of Job’s Character according to the Greek Translator of the Hebrew Text", JBL, pp.182~186 (1953)
  31. P. Gray, "Points and Lines: Thematic Parallelism in the Letter of James and the Testament of Job", NTS, pp.406~424 (2004)
  32. Wall, "Community of the Wise", 256~257
  33. J. Cantinat, "Les Épîtres de Saint Jacques et de Saint Jude", pp.239~ (1973)
  34. H.A. Fine, "The Tradition of a Patient Job", JBL, 74, pp.28~32 (1955)

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