비교재구와 내적재구 방법론을 통한 신약성경 헬라어의 모음 음가 재구
Reconstruction of Sound Values of New Testament Greek Vowels by the Methods of Comparative and Internal Reconstruction
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하나의 언어에서 자모의 음가를 재구(再構)하는 것은 아주 중요한일이다. 헬라어의 음가는 재구되어 신약학자들 사이에 사용되고 있지만, 헬라어도 언어들 중의 하나이기에 20세기 이후 비약적으로 발전한 일반 언어학에서 쌓아온 학문적 결과에 주목할 필요가 있다. 언어학에서는 내적 재구와 비교 재구를 통하여 고전어의 음가를 재구해왔다. 내적 재구의 자료가 많은 자음과는 달리, 모음의 음가 재구는 내적 자료가 많지 않아서 내적 재구만으로 제안하는 것은 쉽지않다. 그런 점에서 신약성경 헬라어 모음 재구에서는 비교 재구 방법도 함께 사용되어야 한다. 다른 언어와 비교할 수 있는 음역된 단어들을 중심으로 신약성경 헬라어의 모음 사각도에 대입할 경우 조음위치를 추정할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 학자들의 입장을비평적으로 살펴보면서 내적재구 뿐만 아니라 비교재구 방법을 사용하여 신약성경 헬라어의 기본 모음의 음가를 재구하고자 한다.
Abstract
In general linguistics two methods have been used in reconstructing sound values of a language--internal reconstruction and comparative reconstruction. While the former is effective for reconstructing sound values of consonants, it turns out that we should complement it with the latter in identifying the sounds of the vowels of the New Testament Greek. I first compared the ways in which NT Greek vowels are transliterated in other languages and then placed the variants on the vowel rectangle. The sound values of the New Testament Greek vowels reconstructed from such processes are as follows: α is front, low, and unrounded. This is close to [ɑ]. The length of a long vowel is articulated longer than that of a short vowel. ε is front, mid, and unrounded. This is close to a vowel like [ɪ] which is front and high. And this is always a short vowel. η is front, mid, and unrounded. This is close to a vowel like [ɪ] which is front and high. And this is always a long vowel. ι is front, mid, and unrounded. This is close to a vowel like [i]. The length of a long vowel is articulated longer than that of a short vowel. ο is back, mid, and rounded. This is close to a vowel like [ɔ] which is back and low. And this is always a short vowel. ω is back, mid, and rounded. This is close to a vowel like [ɔ] which is back and low. And this is always a long vowel. υ is front, high, and rounded. This is close to a vowel like [y] which is front and high. This is not a diphthong but a monophthong. The length of a long vowel is articulated longer than that of a short vowel.
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