The Identity of Death in 1 Corinthians 15:20–28: Understanding the Cosmic and Forensic Dimensions of Death in Paul
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The recent “apocalyptic” interpreters of Paul tend to emphasize the cosmic dimension of Paul’s portrayal of the work of Christ and marginalize its forensic elements, by understanding Christ’s work in terms of his supra-human defeat of evil cosmic powers. In support of this line of interpretation, Martinus de Boer, a major proponent of this apocalyptic view, focuses on 1 Corinthians 15:21–28 and argues that Paul represents even death as an evil cosmic power to be defeated by Christ, as is made clear in Paul’s designation of death as the “last enemy” in 15:26. The present article, however, counters this reading by arguing that Paul represents death primarily as a forensic phenomenon, as indicated by his use of the Genesis Adam motif in 15:21–22, while incorporating the cosmological elements of death in 15:23–28 into this forensic framework. This proposed integrative reading of 1 Cor 15:21–28 does justice to the integrity of vv. 21–28 and draws on a conceptual paradigm from the Genesis Adam story that is able to hold together both the forensic and the cosmological dimensions of death.
Abstract
The recent “apocalyptic” interpreters of Paul tend to emphasize the cosmic dimension of Paul’s portrayal of the work of Christ and marginalize its forensic elements, by understanding Christ’s work in terms of his supra-human defeat of evil cosmic powers. In support of this line of interpretation, Martinus de Boer, a major proponent of this apocalyptic view, focuses on 1 Corinthians 15:21–28 and argues that Paul represents even death as an evil cosmic power to be defeated by Christ, as is made clear in Paul’s designation of death as the “last enemy” in 15:26. The present article, however, counters this reading by arguing that Paul represents death primarily as a forensic phenomenon, as indicated by his use of the Genesis Adam motif in 15:21–22, while incorporating the cosmological elements of death in 15:23–28 into this forensic framework. This proposed integrative reading of 1 Cor 15:21–28 does justice to the integrity of vv. 21–28 and draws on a conceptual paradigm from the Genesis Adam story that is able to hold together both the forensic and the cosmological dimensions of death.
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