제자들이 예수를 버리고 도망간 이유를 찾아서 - 마가복음 14:46-50에 대한 언어적, 역사적, 문학적 연구-
What Causes the Twelve Disciples to Abandon Jesus and Flee? – A Study of Mk 14:46-50 in Linguistic, Historical and Literary Terms
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본 논문은 열한 제자 “모두”(pan, tej)가 겟세마네에서 예수를 “버리고 도망[한]”(afv en, tej ··· eq; ugon, 막 14:50) 이유를 탐구한다. 제자들이예수를 버린 사실은 잘 알려져 있지만 그 이유에 대한 연구는 신약학계에서 간과된 주제 중 하나이다. 본 논문은 겟세마네에서 제자들이예수를 버린 이유에 대한 탐구를 세 가지 해석학적 원칙에 따라 진행할 것이다. 첫째, 한 본문의 의미는 그것이 속한 공동 본문(co-text)의맥락 아래에서 이해해야 한다는 현대 언어학의 원칙에 따라 49절이속한 문단(14:43-50, 특히 46-50)의 주요 어휘를 연구할 것이다. 둘째, 14:46-50은 마가복음의 문학(서사) 세계의 일부분이라는 사실을진지하게 고려할 것이다. 셋째, 제자들의 예수 따름과 버림에 대한이해는 주후 1세기 전후에 일어난 팔레스틴의 사회적 정치적 상황의도움을 받아야 한다. 예수와 열두 제자는 주후 1세기 초반 팔레스틴을 살던 인물들이기 때문이다. 위의 세 가지 해석학적 원칙에 따라연구한 후 본 논문은 두 가지 결론을 내릴 것이다. 첫째, 마가복음은 제자들이 예수를 버리고 도망간 것이 칼과 몽치를 들고 온 무리에대한 두려움 때문이라거나 혹은 예수의 예언(14:27) 성취를 드러내기 위함이라고만 보도록 허락하지 않는다. 둘째, 예수가 하나님의 말씀을 인용하며 잡혀가는 것이 하나님의 뜻이라 말씀하시자 그 때 제자들이 예수를 버리고 도망갔다. 그들이 예수를 버린 순간이 그들이추종한 메시아가 무력(military force) 앞에서 무력(powerless)하게 순응하는 존재라는 사실을 확인한 때라는 사실은 제자들이 예수를 버린 이유가 메시아 예수에 대한 실망감 때문이라 보도록 한다.
Abstract
This paper explores why “all”(pa,ntej) of the eleven disciples deserted, forsaking (avfe,ntej ··· e;qugon, 14:50) Jesus in Gethsemane. While the fact that the disciples abandoned Jesus is well known, the study of their motivation is one of the most overlooked topics in New Testament scholarship(see below). This paper will proceed the exploration of why the disciples abandoned Jesus in Gethsemane according to three hermeneutical principles. First, following the modern linguistic principle that the meaning of words must be understood within the co-text to which they belong, I will study the key words, clauses and sentences of the paragraph to which v. 49 belongs (14:43-50, especially verses 46-50). Second, we will take seriously the fact that 14:46-50 is part of the literary (narrative) world of Mark's Gospel. Third, our understanding of the disciples' following and abandonment of Jesus will be aided by the social and political context of Palestine in the first century AD. Jesus and the twelve disciples were living in Palestine in the early first century AD. After research according to the above three hermeneutical prin ciples, this paper will make a conclusion with two suggestions. First, Mark does not allow us to assume that the disciples' abandonment and flight from Jesus was out of fear of the crowds with swords and bundles, or that it was only to reveal the fulfillment of Jesus' prophecy(14:27). Second, when Jesus quotes the Scriptures and says that it is God's will for him to be arrested, that is when the disciples abandon him and flee. That they abandon him when they realize that the Messiah they followed is powerless and compliant in the face of military force suggests that the disciples' abandonment of Jesus is due to their disappointment in Jesus the Messiah.
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