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중국의 서구 국제정치이론의 수용과 변용

A Study on Evolving Theories of International Politics with Chinese Characteristics

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이 글은 중국의 서구 국제정치이론의 수용과 변용 과정을 분석하면서, 현재 중국의 국제정치 연구 수준을 가늠하는 데 목적이 있다. 우선 중국의 서구 국제정치이론의 수용은 개혁·개방 이후 성장과 현대화라는 당면 문제를 해결하는 데 있어 국제사회를 이해하기 위한 수단으로서 강구되었다고 할 수 있다. 또한 ‘중국 특색’의 국제정치이론이 구체화되고 본격화된 것은 중국의 부상 이후 중국 위협론에 대한 대응 논리가 필요하게 되면서라고 볼 수 있다. 이는 중국의 국제정치이론이 국가지향으로부터 독립적이지 못하다는 것을 보여준다. 그리고 소위 ‘중국 특색’의 국제정치 이론은 서구 이론에 중국의 전통을 혼합해 중국의 특수성을 강조하고 있는 것이다. 하지만 중국의 국제정치이론이 보편성을 추구할 가능성이 전혀 없다고 보지는 않는다. 서구 및 유럽 유학파들 중 학술적 목적의 연구 에 보다 집중하는 이들이 존재하기 때문이다. 그들의 활동 영역이 확대된다면, 보다 보편성을 갖는 중국 국제정치이론도 만들어질 수 있을 것임을 제시한다.

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to understand the current level of international politics(IP) in China while analyzing the process of accepting and transforming western theory of international politics. In the beginning, China's acceptance of western theories was made due to its need as a means to understand the international society in solving the current problem of growth and modernization after reform and opening. In addition, the theory of IP with “Chinese characteristics” has actualized as it is needed as a confronting logic to the rise of ‘China threat’ theory. This shows that theories of IP with “Chinese characteristic” are not independent of the Chinese government policies. And the theory with “Chinese characteristics” em- phasizes China's idiosyncrasy by mixing Chinese traditions with western theory. However, it is not without the possibility of a change in the situation. It is confirmed that if the field of activity of scholars who focus on knowledge-oriented research expands, a more universal theory of IP with “Chinese characteristics” can be created.

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