百濟 石築山城의 城門構造와 變遷過程

Abstract

While the gate of mountain fortress is essential for access, it is vulnerable for defense. Accordingly, enemies outside the fortress concentrated fire force and fighting power on fortress gate and the gate was major combat filed. The gate has been transformed to enhance defensive power. Such status is examined in terms of location, doorway style, traffic route floor and sidewall fore-end structure. As for Baekje stone fortress gate structure, location is divided into branch ridge center, branch ridge side, and slant slop. Doorway style is divided into 4 including Gaegeoform, Eotmunform, Hyeonmunform and Hyeonmun style of Gaegeoform. Most traffic route floors are high outside and low inside stair escalating structure, and only few are internal and external horizontal flat structure. For sidewall fore-end, front and rear has 3 structures including ‘curve-curve, curve-vertical and vertical-vertical.’ Such Baekje stone fortress gate location was changed from ‘branch ridge center(Gaegeoform only)→branch ridge side(Gaegeoform, Eotmunform)→slant slope (Gaegeoform, Eotmunform, Hyeonmunform)’ and the assembly of doorway style was changed into the order of ‘Gaegeoform+Gaegeoform→Gaegeoform+Eotmunform→Hyeo nmunform+Hyeonmunform→Hyeonmun style of Gaegeoform.’ For location and doorway style, it was transformed from easy accessible Gaegeoform+Gaegeoform (East and south gate of Imcheon Seongheung Fortress)’ structure of ‘branch ridge center to restricted accessible ‘slant slope Hyeonmunform+Hyeonmunform (South and North Gate of Geumsan Baekryeong Fortress) to enhance efficiency of defense. And, for sidewall fore-end, it was transformed from ‘cut and rought stone: vertical-vertical’ structure to ‘square·rectangle trimmed stone: curve-curve’ structure (North gate 1, 2 of Gosaburi fortress) in gradual transformation with location and doorway style. The change of gate is a structural change by function, which had more than 8 times of gradual changes from its initial style divided into central (capital) area and south area including east and north of Baekje. Its progress was carried out by the end of 6th century when the capital was moved to Ungjin. Meanwhile, Jeungpyeong Chuseong Fortress south and internal fortress north and east gate which was confirmed as earthen fortress at Hanseong period had structural attributes including doorway style as Gaegeoform, location at branch ridge center of projected wall lengthy toward outside, and Gaegeoform+Gaegeoform. Regarding this, east gate and south gate of Imcheon Seongheung Fortress have same structural attribute of earthen fortress with earthen fortress at Hanseong period. It was found that the earliest style structure was applied among the structural attribute of gate of Baekje stone fortress.