호남지역 마한성립기 대외교류

Abstract

There is a difference in external exchanges during the emerging period of Mahan in Honam region depending on its districts. The Bronze Age culture having flourished thanks to immigration of the Old Joseon inhabitants in the 4th century B.C. flowed in the area over the basin of Geum and Mangyeong Rivers, together with the Iron Age culture that came in full scale following the southward advance of the King Jun in the 2nd century B.C. At about the 1st century B.C., however, no more marks of external exchanges could be traced up along with the drastic decrease in number of relics. On the contrary, the relics of the age upto the 3rd century B.C. have been confirmed periodically in the area of Yeongsan River and southwestern coastal area, with those of the 2nd century onward increasing particularly swiftly. In the 1st century B.C., exchanges with foreign countries were actively performed via the maritime trade routes connecting China-Korean Peninsular-Japan and relics have been excavated extensively centering around the area where maritime and inland waterways were connected conveniently. Although it may be too hasty to conclude since there are few relics having been investigated in the area of Seomjin River and southeastern coastal area, the maritime trade seemed to have been made actively in the area judging from the ancient Chinese coins unearthed on Geomun Island. Since the trade routes connecting China-Korean Peninsular-Japanese Chains of Islands were centralized around the coast and isles in the southern sea, lots of relics are expected to be unearthed in the future from the areas of Seomjin River and southeastern coast which were situated along the then trade routes. The external exchanges performed during the emerging period of Mahan in Honam region could be divided roughly into 3 stages in terms of the relics excavated. The 1st stage would stand for the period ranging from the 4th to the 3rd century B.C. when the migrants of Old Joseon made influx into the Korean Peninsula in large numbers following the eastward invasion ventured by Gen. Qin Kai (秦開) of Yan Dynasty (燕) in China. The 2nd stage would correspond to the period from the 2nd to the 1st century B.C. when the King Jun, after the defeat by Wiman, moved southward to the basin of Geum and Mangyeong Rivers, the ironware of Yan Dynasty came in full scale, clusters of large-sized tombs were constructed and relics including ironware and glass beads made mainly in the foreign countries were buried as accessories. In the 3rd stage, it became difficult to make negotiations with Hangunhyun administrative areas since Mahan wasn't able to grow politically in the basin of Geum and Mangyeong Rivers following the fall of Old Joseon and subsequent establishment of Hangunhyun administration (漢郡縣). However, the basin of Yeongsan River and the southwestern coastal area succeeded in making active external exchanges through the maritime trade routes connecting China-Korean Peninsular-Japanese Chains of Islands during the period ranging from the 1st century B.C. to the 2nd century A.D.