중국 장사요의 편년과 한국 출토 장사요 자기 연구

Abstract

This paper deals with the typology and chronology of Changsha wares. A process of development was set up and determined by comparing the relative chronology of artifacts excavated from the Changsha kiln itself with the Changsha wares buried as grave goods in tombs with absolute dates. Through this procedure, the Changsha wares excavated from sites in Korea may be dated. Through the analysis of their typology, it was possible to identify three stages in the development of hand manufactured Changsha wares. The first stage spans from the middle of the 8th century to the end of the 8th century. In this period, blue glazed bowls, dishes and jars contained influences of the Yuezhou kiln. The second stage spans from in the early part of the 9th century to the Taijung period(大中年間, 847~860) of the reign of Tang Xuanzong(宣宗). In this stage many kinds of glazed ware, such as blue glazed, green glazed, brown glazed and white glazed ware, appeared. Under glazes of copper oxide and iron oxide applied on the milky white glaze, applique motifs and poetry and prose designs became popular. The third stage spans from the First Year of Hamtong(咸通元年, 860) of the reign of Tang Yizong(懿宗) to the period of the Five Dynasties. In this period, ewers appeared which had pipe shaped long spouts and curved ear shaped handles. Under glaze painting, applique motifs and poetry and prose designs were still popular, but the techniques declined towards the end of the Tang Dynasty and the period of the Five Dynasties. At present, Changsha wares excavated in Korea mostly come from the ancient capital city of Gyeongju. These can be dated as belonging to the first half of the 9th century through comparisons with Changsha ware vessels that have absolute dates and the process of development of Changsha wares. One of the most important characteristics of the Changsha kiln was the mass-production of trade wares. Therefore, Changsha wares were introduced into the Korean peninsula within a very short period of time after they were produced.