미국의 위기청소년을 위한 멘토링 프로그램에 관한 고찰 -수용자의 자녀, 장애소년, 보호시설수용소년 등을 중심으로-
A Study of Mentoring Program for Crisis Children and Youth in America
0
조회
0
다운로드
6
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The number of children with parents in prison is increasing in many countries worldwide. Theory and qualitative research suggest that parental imprisonment might contribute to child antisocial behaviour and mental health problems, because of the trauma of separation, strained child-care arrangements during parental imprisonment, loss of family income, other stressful life events such as moving home and school, and the stigma of parental imprisonment. Parental imprisonment can cause many problems for the family left behind, including difficulty organising childcare, loss of family income, trouble maintaining contact with the imprisoned parent, stigma, and home, school and neighbourhood moves. Children and parents can be distressed by the separation. Children may respond by acting out or becoming withdrawn,anxious or depressed. With rates of imprisonment growing rapidly in many countries worldwide, the possible effects of parental imprisonment on children is an issue of increasing social concern. Children of prisoners have been called the "forgotten victims" of crime, the "orphans of justice", the "hidden victims of imprisonment" "the Cinderella of penology", and the "unseen victims of the prison boom". Four key criminological theories suggest that parental imprisonment might cause an increase in child antisocial and criminal behaviour. First, social bonding theory suggests that parental imprisonment might harm children because parentchild separation disrupts children's attachment relations. Second, strain theory suggests that the loss of family income and other negative life events after parental imprisonment might cause an increase in offending behaviour. According to strain theory, life stresses tend to increase negative affect and cause children to attack or try to escape the source of adversity, use illegitimate means to achieve their goals, or manage the negative affect through use of illicit drugs. Third, social control theory suggests that parental imprisonment might cause delinquency via reduced quality of care and supervision of children. Fourth, labeling theory suggests that social stigma and official bias following parental imprisonment might cause an increased probability of the child being charged or convicted for criminal behaviour. These processes of attachment disruption, strain, poor quality childcare,and stigma are also associated with mental health problems for children. Hence, parental imprisonment might contribute to both antisocial behaviour and mental health problems for children. Mentoring programs have been rampant since 1980's especially in the U.S. Based on the evaluation studies of the effectiveness of these programs, mentoring programs have been reformed and evolved. Despite the proved effectiveness of mentoring programs in various countries in the world, educational studies in Korea have been almost indifferent in mentoring and the mentoring programs. Through analyzing the evolution and the effect of the mentoring program in the U.S, this study examines the significance of the mentoring programs as a support for the linking life-long development.
Abstract
The number of children with parents in prison is increasing in many countries worldwide. Theory and qualitative research suggest that parental imprisonment might contribute to child antisocial behaviour and mental health problems, because of the trauma of separation, strained child-care arrangements during parental imprisonment, loss of family income, other stressful life events such as moving home and school, and the stigma of parental imprisonment. Parental imprisonment can cause many problems for the family left behind, including difficulty organising childcare, loss of family income, trouble maintaining contact with the imprisoned parent, stigma, and home, school and neighbourhood moves. Children and parents can be distressed by the separation. Children may respond by acting out or becoming withdrawn,anxious or depressed. With rates of imprisonment growing rapidly in many countries worldwide, the possible effects of parental imprisonment on children is an issue of increasing social concern. Children of prisoners have been called the "forgotten victims" of crime, the "orphans of justice", the "hidden victims of imprisonment" "the Cinderella of penology", and the "unseen victims of the prison boom". Four key criminological theories suggest that parental imprisonment might cause an increase in child antisocial and criminal behaviour. First, social bonding theory suggests that parental imprisonment might harm children because parentchild separation disrupts children's attachment relations. Second, strain theory suggests that the loss of family income and other negative life events after parental imprisonment might cause an increase in offending behaviour. According to strain theory, life stresses tend to increase negative affect and cause children to attack or try to escape the source of adversity, use illegitimate means to achieve their goals, or manage the negative affect through use of illicit drugs. Third, social control theory suggests that parental imprisonment might cause delinquency via reduced quality of care and supervision of children. Fourth, labeling theory suggests that social stigma and official bias following parental imprisonment might cause an increased probability of the child being charged or convicted for criminal behaviour. These processes of attachment disruption, strain, poor quality childcare,and stigma are also associated with mental health problems for children. Hence, parental imprisonment might contribute to both antisocial behaviour and mental health problems for children. Mentoring programs have been rampant since 1980's especially in the U.S. Based on the evaluation studies of the effectiveness of these programs, mentoring programs have been reformed and evolved. Despite the proved effectiveness of mentoring programs in various countries in the world, educational studies in Korea have been almost indifferent in mentoring and the mentoring programs. Through analyzing the evolution and the effect of the mentoring program in the U.S, this study examines the significance of the mentoring programs as a support for the linking life-long development.
참고문헌 (31)
- 법무부 범죄예방정책국, "2010 범죄예방정책 통계연보", ~ (2010)
- 법무연수원, "2011년도 범죄백서" (2011)
- 강영배, "사회적 배제의 관점에서 본 청소년 문제 및 정책에 관한 고찰", 청소년복지연구, 11(4), pp.101~127 (2009), 한국청소년복지학회
- 청소년 멘토링 활성화 정책 방안, "김경준", 한국청소년정책연구원, ~ (2012)
- 비행청소년을 위한 멘터링에 관한 연구, "김지선", 한국형사정책연구원, ~, pp.연구보고서 02-06 (2002)
- 김현주, "청소년의 사회적 배제수준과 사회적 관계망과의 관계", 미래청소년학회지, 5(3), pp.1~27 (2008), 미래를 여는 청소년학회
- 문진영, "한국의 사회적 배제 성격에 대한 연구 -유럽연합 회원국과의 비교를 중심으로-", 한국사회복지학, 62(2), pp.87~107 (2010), 한국사회복지학회[DOI]
- 청소년 탈비행화 조력을 위한 효과적인 개입전략개발연구, "유성경", 한국청소년상담원, ~ (1999)
- 이종연, "생활지도의 한 방안으로서의 멘터링 프로그램의 효율성 -학생들의 포부를 중심으로", 전북대 학생생활연구 (1995)
- Key National Indicators of Well-Being, "America's Children", ~ (2000)
- Bellah, R., "Habits of the Heart" (1985), University of California Press
- Boyer，P, "Urban Masses and Moral Order in America 1820・1920" (1978), Harvard Univ．Press
- Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development, "Turning Points: Preparing American Youth for the 21st Century", ~ (1989)
- Erikson, E.H., "Childhood and Sociaty" (1980), Norton
- EU(2003)Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions joint report on social inclusion summarising the results of the examination of the National Action Plans for Social Inclusion(2003-2005), , ~ (2005)
- Freedman, M., "The Kindness of Strangers" (1999), Cambrige University Press
- Garbarino, J., "Children in Danger, Jossey Bass, 1992, In Focus on Children with Incarcerated Parents : An Overview of the Research Literature" (2007), The Annie E. Casey Foundation
- Its my Life, "A Framework for Youth Trasitioning from Foster Care to Successful Adulthood", Casey Family Programs, ~ (2001)
- Jucovy, L, "Amachi: Mentoring Children of Prisoners in Philadelphia" (2005), Private Ventures
- Incarcerated Parents and Their Children- Trends 1991-2007, "Mauer, M.", National Resource Center on Children and Families of the Incarcerated, ~ (2007)
- McLearn, K.T., "Child Health : Mentoring makes a difference : Finding from the Commonwealth Fund 1998 Survey of Adults Mentoring Young People", Child Health and Development, 1998(1999) (1999)
- Mech, E., "Mentoring for adolescents in foster care", Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 12 (1995)
- Mentoring Children in Foster Care, "Considerations and Partnership Strategies for Senior Corp Directors", National and Community Service, ~ (2005)
- National Collaborative on Workforce, "Paving the Way to Work : A Guide to Career-Focused Mentoring for Youth with Disabilities", ~ (2006)
- Partners for Youth with Disabilities, "Best Practices for Mentoring Youth with Diabilities", ~ (2005)
- Phillips, K., "The Politics of Rich and Poor" (1990), Random House
- Powers, L., "An Exploratory Randomized Study of the Impact of Mentoring on the Self-efficacy ad Community-based Knowledge of Adolescents with Severe Physical Challenges", Journal of Rehabilitation, 61 (1995)
- Sipe, C.L., "Mentoring School-Age Children : A Classification of Programs", pp.1999, Public
- The National Crime Prevention Council, "People of Faith Mentoring Children of Promise : A Model Partnership Based on Service and Community", ~ (2004)
- Walker, G, "Social Change One on One: The New Mentoring Movement", The American Prospect, 7 (1996)
- 仁科弥生訳, "幼児期と社会１･2" (1980), みすず書房