탈근대주의의 목회상담과 상호적 관계 지향에 관한 연구

Abstract

The role of pastoral counseling in this era should be directed toward the mutuality in which the self expands. Pastoral counseling for the church or clinical field should contain the contents of the mutual relationship and be able to provide practical guidance. Previously, the relationship between expansion of the self and mutuality was unclear. In relationships, only the self was emphasized. Or to an extreme, self was not even guaranteed a place, because relationship itself, community, and the system was superior to the self. The individual and the context have been neglected, and sacrifices have been made for greater causes. Sometimes theology has been misused to rationalize situations in which individuals are neglected and unable to represent their own voices. This relationship is one in which the self is not expanded. Expansion of self is possible when the relationship is mutual. Mutuality means being relationship-centered with respect to each other's subjectivity. Rather than a relationship based on someone’s sacrifice, mutual relationship respects the other person and recognizes each other in their own uniqueness and realizes that this is a factor that further expands the relationship. Recognizing the other's subjectivity and uniqueness is different from unilateral acceptance. It means the self is experiencing expansion through the process of mutuality. This paper argues that in the post-modern perspective of pastoral counseling, when self-expansion and mutual relationship exist together, individual growth, relationship growth, and diversity expansion can occur. A post-modern perspective is not a requirement only for pastoral counseling. Biblical tradition, the rich rituals of the church, theological understanding, and understanding of the humanities and social sciences, etc., are all required for pastoral counseling. However, pastoral counseling, which is responsible for responding to the needs of people's lives, must move beyond the dominant discourse and include contextual and socio-political understandings. In order for these understandings to work comprehensively, the reciprocity of self and relationship is required. To systematically make this claim, this paper will first of all briefly define and explain pastoral counseling and summarize the perspectives that are the basis for pastoral counseling. Subsequently, the paper will discuss post-modern perspectives presented in pastoral counseling, using critical correlation methods and Carrie Doehring's trifocal lenses as examples and emphasizing the main concepts of situation and power. In the final part of the paper, the mutuality of feminist counseling, the mutuality of pastoral counseling, and Martin Buber’s concept of relationship will be discussed.