소년범의 재범방지를 위한 미국의 사례 및 그 시사점
A Study on the U.S. Policies for Reducing Juvenile Recidivism
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This study examined U.S. policies on juvenile recidivism. Juvenile recidivism policies in the U.S. are different depending on states and even communities, but they share common facts that such policies are developed and implemented through cooperations among juvenile justice entities, including police, prosecutor, and judge. At the same time, the U.S. juvenile recidivism reduction policies are customized for each juvenile after thoroughly assessing the individual risk and necessity. This assessment process is not decided by a single juvenile justice officer, but with coordinated efforts by intake officials, probation officers, and judges. These efforts are realized with a variety of specific juvenile recidivism prevention programs, and these programs are predicated on four core values. The four core values are ⅰ) “base supervision, service, and resource-allocation decisions on the results of validated risk and needs assessments”, ⅱ)“adopt and effectively implement programs and services demonstrated to reduce recidivism and improve other youth outcomes, and use data to evaluate system performance and direct system improvements”, ⅲ) “employ a coordinated approach across service systems to address youth’s needs”, and ⅳ) “tailor system policies, programs, and supervision to reflect the distinct developmental needs of adolescents.”Based on these core values, policymakers in Korea need to set an evidence-based foundation for juvenile recidivism prevention policies, tailor specific programs to individual risk, and discriminately respond based on assessed risk.
Abstract
This study examined U.S. policies on juvenile recidivism. Juvenile recidivism policies in the U.S. are different depending on states and even communities, but they share common facts that such policies are developed and implemented through cooperations among juvenile justice entities, including police, prosecutor, and judge. At the same time, the U.S. juvenile recidivism reduction policies are customized for each juvenile after thoroughly assessing the individual risk and necessity. This assessment process is not decided by a single juvenile justice officer, but with coordinated efforts by intake officials, probation officers, and judges. These efforts are realized with a variety of specific juvenile recidivism prevention programs, and these programs are predicated on four core values. The four core values are ⅰ) “base supervision, service, and resource-allocation decisions on the results of validated risk and needs assessments”, ⅱ)“adopt and effectively implement programs and services demonstrated to reduce recidivism and improve other youth outcomes, and use data to evaluate system performance and direct system improvements”, ⅲ) “employ a coordinated approach across service systems to address youth’s needs”, and ⅳ) “tailor system policies, programs, and supervision to reflect the distinct developmental needs of adolescents.”Based on these core values, policymakers in Korea need to set an evidence-based foundation for juvenile recidivism prevention policies, tailor specific programs to individual risk, and discriminately respond based on assessed risk.
참고문헌 (17)
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