분석적-종합적 인지양식과 파급효과의 예측
Analytic Versus Holistic Thinking and Perceptions of Causal Impact
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초록
종합적 인지양식을 가지고 있는 사람들은 다양한 요인들 간의 상호작용을 고려하기 때문에 분석적 인지양식을 가지 고 있는 사람들에 비해서 세상을 이해하는 과정에서 더 복잡한 인과모형을 적용한다. 기존의 비교문화심리학 연구들 은 종합주의로 인한 인과모형의 복잡성 때문에 동아시아인들이 서양인들보다 귀인 과정에서 더 많은 정보를 고려하 고, 그 결과, 기본적 귀인 오류를 덜 범한다는 사실을 밝혔다. 본 연구에서는 인지양식의 문화적 성향이 원인의 추론 뿐만 아니라 결과의 예측에도 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위하여, 분석적-종합적 인지양식이 파급효과 예측에 미치 는 영향을 알아보았다. 연구 1에서는 분석적-종합적 인지양식의 개인차와 예측된 파급효과의 크기의 관계를 알아보 고, 종합주의적 성향이 강한 사람들이 주어진 원인사건으로 인해 발생하게 될 파급효과를 더 크게 예측하는 것을 확 인하였다. 연구 2에서는 한국인과 미국인 참가자들을 대상으로 파급효과 예측의 문화 간 비교를 실시하였다. 미국인 에 비하여 한국인이 원인사건으로 인하여 영향을 받는 사건의 수가 더 많은 것으로 예측하였으며, 원인사건으로부터 인과적 거리가 먼 결과들에서 이러한 차이가 더 크게 나타났다. 연구 1과 2의 결과는, 종합주의적 성향이 강할수록 주어진 사건의 영향력을 더 넓게 예측한다는 것을 보여주며, 분석적-종합적 인지양식으로 인한 인과모형의 복잡성 이 귀인뿐만 아니라 결과의 예측에도 영향을 준다는 것을 시사한다.
Abstract
East Asians and North Americans are known to have distinct cognitive styles, namely, holistic vs. analytic thinking style. This cognitive difference results in cultural differences in beliefs about causal complexity. For example, compared to North Americans, East Asians consider a larger amount of information for causal attribution due to their relatively more complex causal models of the world. The present research examines whether holistic vs analytic thinking also affects perceptions of causal impact of a given event. In study 1, we asked participants to judge whether each of a list of outcomes would be affected by a negative event (i. e. a large scale layoff) or a positive event (i. e. job security until retirement) and found that the more holistic participants perceived that a greater number of outcomes would be affected by a target event, either positive or negative. In study 2, we compared the perceptions of causal impact of Koreans and Americans. Consistent with our expectation, Koreans predicted a greater ripple effect of a given event than Americans. Implications and future research are discussed.
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