본문 바로가기
KERD
논문

사회계층의 심리: 문화적 사고성향(분석적 - 종합적 사고)과 사회비교성향

Psychology of Social Class: Analytic - Holistic Thinking & Social Comparison Orientation

0

조회

0

다운로드

15

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 사회계층에 따라 문화적 성향의 하나인 분석적-종합적 사고성향과 사회비교성향에 차이가 있는가를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전국 대학생 1,000명을 대상으로 사회계층, 분석적-종합적 사고, 그리고 사회비교성향을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 사회계층에 따라 분석적-종합적 사고성향에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 상위 사회계층의 사람들이 중/하위 계층 사람들에 비해 종합적 사고성향이 약한 것으로 확인되었다. 추가적으로 분석적-종합적 사고의 하위 요인들과 사회계층 간의 관계를 분석한 결과, ‘모순에 대한 태도’와 ‘변화에 대한 지각’ 요인에서는 사회계층에 따른 유의미한 차이가 발견되었지만 ‘인과성’과 ‘주의 소재’ 요인에서는 사회계층에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그리고 사회비교성향의 경우, 하위 사회계층의 사람들이 중/상위 계층의 사람들에 비해 사회비교적 성향이 강한 것으로 확인 되었다. 이 같은 경향은 사회비교성향의 하위 요인인 ‘능력’과 ‘견해(opinion)’에서 일관성 있게 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점이 논의되었다.

Abstract

This study aims to investigate differences in holistic thinking and social comparison orientation depending on social class. 1,000 college students were asked to respond to Analysis-Holism Scale(AHS), Social Comparison Orientation Scale(the Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure: INCOM), social class, and sex. The results show that analytic-holistic thinking differs depending on one’s perceived social class. The high class people are less holistic than the middle and low class people. The same tendency appears on ‘tolerance of contradiction’ and ‘perception of change’, while not on ‘causal perception’ and ‘locus of attention’, which are the 4 sub-factors of the AHS scale. In case of social comparison orientation, the low class people are more likely to be socially comparative than the middle and high class people. The same pattern was observed in the domains of ability and opinion, both of which are sub-factors of INCOM. The limitations of the study and the suggestions for further research are discussed.

참고문헌 (64)

  1. 박지은, "객관적 소득계층과 주관적 소득계층의 불일치와 건강 간의 연관성: 주관적 건강과 우울을 중심으로", 보건과 사회과학, (38), pp.95~121 (2015), 한국보건사회학회
  2. 박혜경, "도덕판단과 처벌판단에서 사회경제적 지위의 역할에 대한 개관", 한국심리학회지:법, 6(1), pp.53~69 (2015), 한국법심리학회
  3. 이하영, "사회계층이 정부신뢰에 미치는 영향 : 희망의 매개효과를 중심으로", 한국사회학회 사회학대회 논문집, 6, pp.457~483 (2016)
  4. 조아라, "성차에 따른 신체 비교와 신체 불만족 간의 관계 연구", 한국심리학회지: 건강, 18(1), pp.105~120 (2013), 한국건강심리학회[DOI]
  5. 한덕웅, "한국인이 사회비교 심리" (2007), 박영사
  6. 한민, "한국인의 마음지도 Ⅰ: 한국 대학생의 정서, 사고방식, 가치관", 한국심리학회지:일반, 31(2), pp.435~464 (2012), 한국심리학회
  7. Adler, M. E., "Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning : Preliminary data in healthy white women", Health Psychology, 19, pp.586~592 (2000)
  8. Aspinwall, L. G., "Health, coping, and well-being: Perspectives from social comparison theory", pp.125~166 (1997), Erlbaum
  9. Bourdieu, P., "The social space and the genesis of groups", Theory and Society, 14, pp.723~744 (1985)
  10. Buunk, B. P., "European review of social psychology Vol. 5", pp.211~241 (1994), Wiley
  11. Choi, E., "Social hierarchies in cultural contexts: Japan and US", Paper presented at the meeting of t International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology (2016)
  12. Choi, I., "Individual differences in analytic versus holistic thinking", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletien, 33, pp.691~705 (2007)
  13. Cohen, S., "Objective and subjective socioeconomic status and susceptibility to the common cold", Health Psychology, 27, pp.268~274 (2008)
  14. Côté, S., "Choice as an act of meaning : The case of social class", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, pp.814~830 (2007)
  15. Diener, E., "Measuring quality of life : Economic, social, and subjective indicators", Social Indicators Research, 40, pp.189~216 (1997)
  16. Dubois, D., "Social class, power, and selfishness : When and why upper and lower class individuals behavior unethically", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18, pp.436~449 (2015)
  17. Durkheim, E., "The division of labor in society" (1933), The Free Press
  18. Elias, N., "The civilizing process: The history of manners" (1978), Urizen Books
  19. Epstein, S., "Individual differences in intuitive-experiential and analytical-rational thinking styles", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, pp.390~405 (1996)
  20. Festinger, L., "A theory of social comparison processes", Human Relations, 7, pp.117~140 (1954)
  21. Fiske, S. T., "Handbook of social psychology Vol. 2", pp.941~982 (2010), John Wiley & Sons
  22. Fiske, S. T., "Facing social class: How societal rank influences interaction" (2012), Russell Sage Foundation
  23. Gallo, L. C., "Understanding the association between socioeconomic status and physical health: Do negative emotions play a role?", Psychological Bulletin, 129, pp.10~51 (2003)
  24. Gibbons, F. X., "Individual differences in social comparison : Development of a scale of social comparison orientation", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, pp.129~142 (1999)
  25. Grossman, I., "Social culture, and cognition", Social Psychology and Personalty Science, 2, pp.81~89 (2011)
  26. Guimond, S., "Social comparison, self-stereotyping, and gender differences in self-construals", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, pp.221~242 (2006)
  27. Heine, S. J., "Cultural psychology" (2008), Norton
  28. Horberg, E. J., "Disgust and the moralization of purity", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, pp.963~976 (2009)
  29. Ji, L. J., "Culture, change, and prediction", Psychological Science, 12, pp.450~456 (2001)
  30. Kawachi, I., "Social capital, income inequality, and mortality", American Journal of Public Health, 87, pp.1491~1498 (1997)
  31. Kemmelmeier, M., "The ups and downs of thinking about a successful other : Self construals and the consequences of social comparisons", European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, pp.311~320 (2001)
  32. Kitayama, S., "Handbook of cultural psychology" (2007), Gulford Press
  33. Kraus, M. W., "Social class, contextualism, and empathic accuracy", Psychological Science, 21, pp.1716~1723 (2010)
  34. Kraus, M. W, "Signs of socioeconomic status : A thin-slicing approach", Psychological Science, 20, pp.99~106 (2009)
  35. Kraus, M. W, "Social class the sense of control, and social explanation", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, pp.992~1004 (2009)
  36. Kraus, M. W, "Social class as culture : The convergence of resources and rank in the social realm", Psychological Science, 20, pp.246~250 (2011)
  37. Kraus, M. W, "Social class, solipsism, and contextualism : How the rich are different from the poor", Psychological Review, 119, pp.546~672 (2012)
  38. Kusserow, A. S., "American individualism: Child rearing and social class in three neighborhoods" (2004), Palgrave Macmillan
  39. Kühnen, U., "The semantic-procedural interface model of the self : The role of self-knowledge for context-dependent versus context-independent modes of thinking", Journal of personality and social psychology, 80, pp.397~409 (2001)
  40. Kühnen, U., "Thinking about the self influences thinking in general : Cognitive consequences of salient self-concept", Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, pp.492~499 (2002)
  41. Lareau, A., "Invisible inequality : Social class and child rearing in black families and white families", American Sociological Review, 67, pp.747~776 (2002)
  42. Lareau, A., "Unequal childhoods: Class, race, and family life" (2003), University of California Press
  43. Markus, H. R., "Culture and self : Implication for cognition, emotion, and motivation", Psychological Review, 98, pp.224~253 (1991)
  44. Markus, H. R., "Culture, self, and the reality of the social", Psychological Inquiry, 14, pp.277~283 (2003)
  45. Marx, K., "The revolutions of 1848: Political writings Vol. 1", pp.62~98 (1973), Penguin
  46. Masuda, T., "Culture and change blindness", Cognitive Science, 30, pp.381~399 (2006)
  47. Molleman, E., "Social comparison processes among cancer patients", British Journal of Social Psychology, 25, pp.1~13 (1986)
  48. Na, J., "Subjective perception of lower social-class enhances response inhibition", Personality and Individual Differences, 90, pp.242~246 (2016)
  49. Na, J., "Social-class differences in consumer choices : Working-class individuals are more sensitive to choices of others than middle-class individuals", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42, pp.430~443 (2016)
  50. Nisbett, R. E., "생각의 지도" (2003), 김영사
  51. Nisbett, R. E., "Culture and systems of thought : Holistic versus analytic cognition", Psychological Review, 108, pp.291~310 (2001)
  52. Oakes, J. M., "The measurement of SES in health research : Current practices and steps toward a new approach", Social Science and Medicine, 56, pp.769~784 (2003)
  53. Oyserman, D., "Does culture influence what and how we think? Effects of priming individualism and collectivism", Psychological Bulletin, 134, pp.311~342 (2008)
  54. Piff, P. K., "Having less, giving more : The influence of social class on prosocial behavior", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, pp.771~784 (2010)
  55. Schachter, S., "The psychology of affiliation" (1959), Stanford University Press
  56. Snibbe, A. C., "You can’t always get what you want : Educational attainment, agency, and choice", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, pp.703~720 (2005)
  57. Steil, J. M, "Social comparison in the workplace : A study of 60 dual-career couples", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, pp.427~438 (1997)
  58. Stephens, N. M., "When choice does not equal freedom : A sociocultural analysis of agency in working class American contexts", Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2, pp.33~41 (2011)
  59. Stephens, N. M., "Social class disparities in health and education : Reducing inequality by applying a sociocultural self model of behavior", Psychological Review, 119, pp.723~744 (2012)
  60. Stephens, N. M., "Choice as an act of meaning : The case of social class", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, pp.814~830 (2007)
  61. White, K., "Culture and social comparison seeking : The role of self-motives", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, pp.232~242 (2005)
  62. White, K., "Culture, self-construal, and affective reactions to successful and unsuccessful others", Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, pp.582~592 (2006)
  63. Wilkinson, R. G., "Health, hierarchy, and social anxiety", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, pp.48~63 (1999)
  64. Wills, T. A., "Social comparison: Contemporary theory and research", pp.51~78 (1991), Erlbaum

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (4건)