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정신장애인의 경쟁고용에 대한 대학생들의 태도 : 한국과 미국의 비교 연구

Attitudes toward the Employability of People with Mental isorders: Comparative Study of Korea and the U.S.

류승아
한국사회및성격심리학회|2009.11|한국심리학회지: 사회및성격 (Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology)|제23권 제4호|pp. 1-25|DOI 10.21193/kjspp.2009.23.4.001

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참고문헌

키워드

정신장애편견educationmental disordersprejudice교육 경험stigma접촉 경험contact experience경쟁고용comparative job
주제분류심리과학

초록

우리 사회에 만연한 정신장애인에 대한 부정적인 인식과 태도는 정신장애인들의 사회 복귀에 장애물이 되고 있다. 특히 삶의 중요한 지표인 직업과 관련된 편견과 차별은 이들에게 치명적인 결과를 가져오고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 대학생들이 생각하는 정신장애인들의 직업능력, 구체적으로 경쟁고용에 대한 태도와 그러한 태도에 영향을 주는 요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 또한 미국 대학생들과의 비교를 통해 현재 한국 대학생들의 태도 정도, 교육 경험 및 접촉 경험 등을 살펴보았다. 총 467명의 대학생이 참가하였으며 설문은 온라인으로 이루어졌다. 이 연구의 결과는 (1) 한국 대학생들은 정신장애인들의 경쟁고용 필요성 측면에는 긍정적인 태도를 보이는 반면, 경쟁고용의 한계점과 현실적 문제, 그리고 그로 인한 불이익 측면에는 상당히 부정적인 태도를 보여주었고, (2) 정신 장애에 대한 학교 교육경험, 정신장애인 접촉빈도 및 접촉인상은 미국 대학생들에 비해 유의미하게 낮았으며, (3) 경쟁고용 태도의 영향요인에는 한국은 성별과 접촉인상이, 미국은 사회적 거리감과 접촉인상이 중요한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 현재 한국의 정신 장애인들이 겪는 불이익 측면의 문제점을 보여주었고, 비정신장애인들에 대한 효과적인 교육 및 접촉 기회의 부재도 살펴볼 수 있었다. 또한 비정신장애인들과 정신장애인들과의 접촉의 중요성을 확인하였으며, 특히 접촉인상이 태도 형성에 결정적 역할을 한다는 것을 보여주었다. 본 연구의 결과가 직업 재활의 환경적 측면, 특히 편견의 감소를 위한 프로그램의 내용과 방향을 설정하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다

Abstract

Negative attitudes within a community have prevented people with mental illness from successful reintegration into their communities. In particular, the negative attitudes have caused lower rates of employment for people suffering from mental illness. The purpose of this research was to assess the attitudes of college students about employability (comparative employment) of people with mental disorders. In addition, school based education, and contact experience related to mental disorders were compared to the college students in the U.S. Data were collected via a web-based survey tool and a total of 475 students was used for a final data analysis. The findings of this study demonstrated that (1) Korean students showed more positive response toward appropriateness of competitive employment, whereas negative attitudes toward disadvantages of competitive employment than those of American students. (2) Korean students had lower rates of school-based education and contact frequency and negative contact feeling than counterparts. (3) Effective variables on employabilities were gender and contact feeling in Korean sample and social distance and contact feeling in American sample. Research findings would be useful in the workplace regarding interventions to reduce stigma toward people with mental illness. The interventions with personal contacts and positive public situations might positively influence a pont of views regarding people with mental disorders in workplace.

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