중국 토지제도의 변화 경험과 북한의 토지제도 변화 가능성

Abstract

This paper is a study on the impact of institutional change in North Korea’s land by the land system changes in China. China was carried out land reform in the course of the development of Free Economic and Trade Zone and operation of rural collective land. Land use rights as a symbol of the Free Economic and Trade Zone of China and open-door policy, and land issues in China’s rural which is represented by utilization of collective land, in the future, the strategy of North Korea’s open-door policy and the operation of the land system is giving a lot of implications. This study has focused that North Korea should be applied China’s experience in land policy to some extent. How much will be applied North Korea for China’s open-door policy and Free Economic and Trade Zone model. How much should be applied North Korea of China’s rural land reform model. What factors should be considered if the model applied to China model. What is the impact of North Korea’s unification of land system change. I was studied to review this China’s urban land reform and the reform of collective land. Rural land system in China has been stipulated in Land Management Act enacted in 1986. And collective land use rights of farmers are included the Law of Reality in 2007. North Korea was carried out the land reform according to the theory of socialism in 1946. However,in the early 1990s, the constant change has emerged from the process of the collapse of the socialist bloc,deconstruction, and seeking survival. North Korea was first introduced in the land lease system for Free Economic and Trade Zone Rajin. In 1993, North Korea was adopted land lease law. However North Korea is limited land use coverage to foreigners and foreign companies. This can be described as a defensive strategy for reducing the system according to the open-threatening elements. However, legal system of Free Economic and Trade Zone will be spread North Korea through a constant process in all areas from the perspective of China. North Korea shall establish a strategy for the movement of labor and land system to time of openness and reform. Land system is the deciding factor of success or failure for North Korea’s reform and openness. If China is not prepared properly countermeasures on the experience issues, North Korea will face to the great crisis. Therefore North Korea is a need to adopt land use rights system of the Chinese-Model. North Korea can take advantage of the land rent for national resources and the costs of unification. Also, at the unification, there is a need to review the rural land for the permanent rental system and shareholders of the land.