혐오시설의 정책수용성과 갈등관리에 관한 비교연구
A Comparative Study on the Policy Acceptance of Noxious Facilities and Conflict Management
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국가 또는 지역에서 추진되는 공공시설, 특히 혐오시설의 입지와 관련한 갈등의 원인은 매우 다양하다. 본 연구는 혐오시설로 인식되고 있는 원자력시설의 입지결정과 운영과정에서 발생하는 정책갈등과 수용성, 그리고 갈등관리의 성공요인이 무엇인가를 정책사례에 대한 비교연구를 통해 밝혀보고자 한다. 이를 위해 국내사례로는 방사성폐기물처분장 입지사례를, 외국사례로는 미국의 유카마운틴 사례를 분석대상으로 선정하였다. 경주의 중·저준위폐기물처분장 사례와 미국의 유카마운틴 사례가 보여주고 있는 갈등관리방식은 모두가 참여적 방법이다. 참여를 통해 자신의 의견을 자유롭게 개진하고, 참여의 결과에 책임성을 부여하는 방식은 성숙한 민주주의를 실현시키는 기본적인 원칙이다. 또한 이것은 다양한 영역에서 발생될 수 있는 국책사업 갈등을 효과적으로 해결하는 초석이 될 수 있다. 이 연구는 고준위폐기물처분장의 입지선정에 대해서도 많은 시사점을 제시하고 있다.
Abstract
Diverse facets of conflicts have emerged after the siting decision of middle- or low-level waste disposal facilities was made. Serious conflicts arising from construction of high-level waste disposal facilities in near future will be unexceptional; thus, developing the conflict management Strategy is exigent. Resolving and managing conflicts guarantee the success of national projects, which contributes to economic and industrial development. Conflicts around nuclear facilities result from the public's general over-exaggeration about nuclear risk rather than from its actual level. This mis-perception has had a negative influence on local economies and community development. By analyzing domestic and foreign cases, strategies to enhance acceptability are derived. The method to operate the conflict management model suggested in this research is ultimately to improve social acceptability of nuclear facilities. This research helps us understand the fact that the past siting decisions of radioactive waste facilities in Korea were not grounded on participation and trust so that fragmented and even broken communication has aggravated violent collision of sentiment. Considering the past fiascoes, future conflict management should be focused on effectiveness rather than on efficiency, and be operated in the manner which search a solution together with relevant stake-holders and civic groups by encouraging them to participate in the decision-making process. The conflict management strategy as the suggestion of this research has a great emphasis upon participatory decision-making. In this model to facilitate participation of all relevant stake-holders, main participants in each stage perceive and understand their different positions.
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