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기부의 즐거움과 의미: 도움 제공자의 사회 가치 지향성에 따른 쾌락적 행복과 자기실현적 행복 경험의 차이

Pleasure and meaning of charitable donation: the effect of social value orientation and giving on hedonic vs. eudaimonic happiness

설선혜|최종안|최인철|방준호
한국사회및성격심리학회|2021.11|한국심리학회지: 사회및성격 (Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology)|제35권 제4호|pp. 49-75|DOI 10.21193/kjspp.2021.35.4.003

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참고문헌

키워드

Donation기부도움 행동쾌락적 행복자기실현적 행복사회 가치 지향성HelpingHedonismEudaimonismSocial value orientation
주제분류심리과학

초록

타인을 돕는 행동은 도움 수혜자뿐만 아니라 도움 제공자의 행복 또한 증진시킨다. 행복에 관한 선행 연구들은 주로 도움 제공을 삶의 의미와 성취감 같은 자기실현적 행복과 관련지어왔으나, 도움 제공의 효용에 초점을 둔 의사결정 연구들은 긍정 정서 증진과 부정 정서 감소와 같은 쾌락적 행복 또한 중요하다고 제안하였다. 본 연구에서는 기부 과제를 사용하여 도움 제공이 쾌락적 행복과 자기실현적 행복 중에서 어떤 측면의 행복과 더 관련되어 있는지 확인하고, 도움 제공 결과 경험하는 행복의 유형이 친사회성의 개인차에 따라 달라지는지 알아보았다. 실험 참가자들은 한 번에 하나씩 제시되는 54개의 자선단체에 관한 정보를 보고 1만원 중 얼마를 기부할지 결정한 뒤, 매 결정마다 자기실현적 행복과 쾌락적 행복을 경험하는 정도를 측정하는 질문에 답하는 기부 과제를 수행하였으며, 친사회성의 개인차는 사회 가치 지향성 설문으로 측정하였다. 분석 결과, 참가자 내에서 기부 금액이 증가할수록 자기실현적 행복과 쾌락적 행복 모두 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났는데, 쾌락적 행복보다 자기실현적 행복의 증가 폭이 더 컸다. 사회 가치 지향성에 따른 차이를 분석한 결과, 친사회적 성향의 참가자들에게서는 기부 금액에 따라서 쾌락적 행복보다 자기실현적 행복을 경험하는 정도가 더 크게 증가하였으나 자기중심적 성향의 참가자들에게서는 이러한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구는 도움 행동의 결과 도움 제공자가 경험하는 행복을 쾌락적 측면과 자기실현적 측면으로 구분하고 친사회성의 개인차를 고려함으로써, 도움 제공의 행복 증진 효과에 대한 보다 심화된 이해를 제공한다는 점에서 중요한 의의를 지닌다.

Abstract

Helping enhances happiness of both the beneficiary and the giver. Previous happiness studies have shown that help-giving is associated with eudaimonic happiness such as meaning of life and sense of accomplishment, whereas decision-making studies focusing on the utility of helping have suggested the importance of hedonic happiness such as feeling more positive affect and less negative affect. The present study investigated the givers’ happiness experience after helping others using a charitable donation task. We first examined which aspect of happiness (i.e., hedonic vs. eudaimonic) is more strongly associated with the givers’ experience. Then, we tested the effect of givers’ prosociality on the patterns of happiness experience. For each trial, participants were presented information about one of 54 charitable organizations and asked to decide the amount of donation out of 10,000KRW. After each decision, they evaluated their happiness experiences on the two aspects of happiness. Individual differences in prosociality were measured using social value orientation questionnaire. The results showed that, within an individual, donation amount was positively correlated with both aspects of happiness, while eudaimonic happiness had stronger association. This difference was especially prominent among prosocial participants, while the effects of donation on hedonic and eudaimonic happiness were not different among proself participants. By distinguishing hedonic and eudemonic aspects of happiness and considering individual differences in prosociality, our findings add to the literature on the happiness enhancement effects of help-giving.

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