중국의 당, 국가, 사회의 관계:거버넌스(治理) 구조의 변화

Abstract

The analysis framework of state-social relations is a useful approach to explaining changes in Chinese society after reform. However, it has not paid attention to the existence of a “party” despite China’s party-state system, and has equated the party with the state. This paper distinguishes party from state in terms of governance structures. In China, the “party” is a policy-maker who leads, monopolizes and determines major policies, and the “state” is a policy enforcement and administrative agency that carries out efficient management. In this paper, China’s contemporary history is divided into socialist construction, reform and opening, and a new era. It describes the changes and characteristics of the party, state and social governance structure at each time, and summarizes how the relationship between the three parties has changed. China’s governance structure has changed from a ‘party-state unity model’ to a ‘decentralized governance model’ and again to a ‘party-dominated governance model’. The recent shift in governance structure, which emphasizes full and unified party leadership, has been rationalized with the aim of achieving a dream of modernizaton. It is clear that China’s “society” to envision and build is a structural and organizational foundation for supporting and maintaining “Chinese characteristic socialism,” but there are still many limitations in terms of voluntary social entity formation.