타지키스탄 언어정책의 특징과 전망 : 타지키스탄 정부의 언어정책과 타지크어와 러시아어의 현실적 언어지위를 중심으로
Characteristics and Prospects of Tajikistan Language Policy : Focusing on the Language Policy of the Tajikistan Government and the Realistic Linguistic Status of Tajik and Russian
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초록
타지키스탄은 주변의 중앙아시아 국가들과는 다른 다음과 같은 언어적 상황을가지고 있다. 첫째, 타지크어는 중앙아시아에서 유일하게 페르시아어(Persian) 계열의 언어이다. 둘째, 타지키스탄의 동부에는 세계의 지붕이라고 하는 파미르고원이 있으며, 북부와 남부를 제외하면 대부분의 국토는 험준한 산악지역으로 이루어져있다. 따라서매우 다양한 방언이 존재한다. 셋째, 1992년부터 1997년까지 발생했던 내전으로 인해서 타지키스탄에 거주하는 러시아 디아스포라 인구는 중앙아시아에서 가장 적다. 넷째, 내전 기간 동안 타지키스탄 경제가 사실상 마비되면서 타지크인은 러시아로이주노동을 떠나서 자신의 가정과 국가경제에 도움을 주고 있다. 다섯째, 독립 직전과 직후에 타지키스탄에서는 유일하게 다시 아랍문자로 회귀하자는 운동이 일어났었다. 여섯째, 카자흐스탄, 우즈베키스탄, 키르기스스탄, 투르크메니스탄이 현재까지 민족어를 강화시키고 러시아어 영향력을 약화시키는 방향으로 언어정책를 추진하고 있지만 타지키스탄은 역으로 러시아어의 비중을 높여가고 있다. 본 연구는 위와 같은 사실을 바탕으로 타지키스탄의 언어현상과 언어정책을 다음과 같은 내용으로 그 특징과 전망을 분석할 것이다. 첫째, 타지키스탄의 언어 환경이 분석될 것이다. 둘째, 타지키스탄 정부의 언어정책이 분석될 것이다. 셋째, 타지크어와 러시아어의 현실적 언어지위가 분석될 것이다. 넷째, 타지키스탄의 언어정책이평가되고 미래의 언어상황이 전망될 것이다.
Abstract
Tajikistan has a different linguistic situation from neighboring Central Asian countries. First, Tajik is the only Persian language in Central Asia. Second, in the eastern part of Tajikistan, there is the Pamir Plateau, which is said to be the roof of the world. Except for the northern and southern parts, most of the country consists of rugged mountainous areas. Therefore, there are many different dialects. Third, due to the civil war that occurred from 1992 to 1997, the Russian diaspora population living in Tajikistan is the smallest in Central Asia. Fourth, as Tajikistan’s economy was virtually paralyzed during the civil war, Tajiks left migrant labor in Russia to help their families and national economy. Fifth, immediately before and after independence, there was a movement to return to the Arabic alphabet again in Tajikistan, the only one in Central Asia. Sixth, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan have so far promoted language policies in the direction of strengthening the national language and weakening the influence of Russian, but Tajikistan, on the contrary, is increasing the proportion of Russian. Based on the above facts, this study analyzed the characteristics and prospects of Tajikistan's language phenomenon and language policy with the following contents. First, the language environment of Tajikistan was analyzed. Second, the language policy of the Tajikistan government was analyzed. Third, the realistic linguistic status of Tajik and Russian was analyzed. Fourth, the language policy of Tajikistan will be evaluated and the future language situation was predicted.
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