유럽연합 지역정책의 전망과 한계
The Prospect and Limitation of EU Regional Policy
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각 회원국들의 경제규모와 정치적 협상에 의해 마련된 기금으로 회원국이 추진하는 지역개발 프로그램을 지원함으로써 회원 국가 간 경제수준의 평등화를 지향하는 것이 지역정책의 핵심이다. 전통적으로 유럽연합의 지역정책은 규제자본주의 지지자들의 의도대로 낙후지역의 발전을 추진하는 정책수단으로 운영되어 왔다. 이들의 주장은 시장의 규제를 통하여 자원의 재분배, 공공 및 민간 분야의 상호협력, 즉 파트너십을 강조하는 입장이다. 그간 유럽연합은 지역정책을 통해 역내 낙후지역의 소득 증가와 경제활성화, 생활환경 개선과 같은 이득을 가져왔다. 또한 성장지역의 과밀문제를 어느 정도 완화시켰다는 평가를 받고 있다. 2007년~2013년의 구조기금은 2000년~2006년의 공동체 지원수단의 목표를 계승하면서 ‘집중’, ‘경쟁’, ‘협력’이라는 세 개의 목표로 통합시켰다. 비록 낙후지역 선정 시 각 회원국들의 경제수준을 고려하는 것이 아닌 회원국내 낙후지역의 상태가 주요한 고려대상일지라도, 상대적 부국의 경우 정치적 고려를 제외하고는 선정의 확률이 낮다. 문제는 상대적 부국들이 전세계적 금융위기의 상황 하에서도 GDP에 따른 지역선정에 불만을 제기하지 않을 것이며, 기금의 조성을 위해 적극적 의지를 보일 것인가이다. 이에 본 논문은 지역의 잠재력과 시장의 원리를 무시한 낙후지역 중심의 지역정책이 지역의 불균형 해소에 최상의 방법인지에 대해 살펴보았다.
Abstract
The European Union puts into practice rising incomes, improving working and living arrangements for european citizens by means of regional policy. EU regional policy aims at economic and social equalization between Member States with community development program supported by means of Structural Funds. Traditionally, the EU regional policy has sought to achieve the social cohesion in less developed states or areas with supporters of Regulated Capitalism. Supporters of Regulated Capitalism who need restrictions on markets stressed on interdependency, redistribution, and partnership. And European regional policy is regarded to bring about concrete results, furthering economic and social cohesion to reduce the gap between the development levels of the various regions. The Structural Funds for the 2007-2013 period concentrate its priorities in ‘Convergence’, Competitiveness’, Cooperation’. However, if the Structural Funds only put into less developed states or regions, there will be some questions whether cohesion policy is maintained. The rich states compared to less developed states among Member States do not have many chances to share the Structural Funds except political consideration. In accordance with worldwide financial crisis, there is some doubt whether rich states are satisfied with the share of the EU funds and selecting area at their lowest percentage of GDP. This article analyzes whether the best way is to reduce regional disparities by only strengthening on regions legging behind without considering potentials of region and the principle of market.
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