영국의 이민정책과 사회통합
UK’s Immigration Policy and Social Integration
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지난 10여 년간 영국 내로의 이민자 수가 크게 증가하여 영국사회의 인종적 다양성이 크게 증대됐고 특히 런던과 같은 대도시 지역에서의 인구사회학적 구성에 본격적인 변화가 발생하고 있다. 이 기간 동안 영국으로의 이민증가의 요인은 크게 두 가지로 나눌 수 있다. 그것은 첫째, 경제적 이민자가 크게 증가했다는 점, 둘째, 유럽통합의 심화와 확대에 따라 다른 유럽 국가들로부터의 이민, 특히 2004년 EU의 제5차 확대와 더불어 중동부유럽 8개 신규회원국으로부터의 이민자 수가 급격히 증대했다는 점이다. 이 시기 불법체류 노동자를 포함한 단기체류 이주자들이 크게 증대하면서 런던을 비롯한 대도시들의 도심 슬럼화와 인종폭동 등 각종 치안문제와 노동시장 교란 등 복잡한 사회, 경제적 문제가 야기되어왔다. 이 연구는 지난 10여 년간 이민정책의 변화가 영국사회의 인종적·문화적 다양성 증대에 미친 영향을 분석하고, 그로인해 영국의 전통적인 “이민모델”과 다문화주의 정책이 직면하게 된 한계와 딜레마를 다루고 있다.
Abstract
Immigration to the UK during the last two decades has been larger and more diverse compared to any point in its modern and contemporary history. Due to the massive influx of a large number of immigrants from the outside world, the demographic features of the UK, most notably those in London and other big cities, have concurrently undergone substantial changes. This increase has been attributed primarily to the two factors, i. e. the growth of economic immigration and the effects of EU’s 5th enlargement of 2004 which induced the influx of a massive number of low-skilled labourers from Eastern Europe. The complication of UK’s demographic conditions within that period has been amplified by the sporadic crisis situations related with a growing number of asylum seekers and illegal immigrants. This paper traces the UK government’s efforts to develop a new immigration policy and sheds light on the dilemmas of social integration of the ever growing and diversifying minority communities within the country.
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