정부신뢰에 대한 제도성과와 사회자본의 영향 비교: 한국과 일본을 중심으로
The Effects of Institutional Performance and Social Capital on the Government Trust: Comparison of Korea and Japan
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본 연구는 정부신뢰 증진을 두고 경합하는 제도론자와 문화론자의 주장을 검증하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위하여 2000년대 들어 OECD 국가 가운데 최하위 수준의 정부신뢰를 보이는 한국과 일본을 대상으로 정부신뢰에 대한 제도성과와 사회자본의 영향을 비교하였다. 특히, 정부신뢰에 대한 제도성과와 사회자본의 전반적 영향 비교에만 그치는 기존연구와는 달리 이를 구성하는 유형별 영향까지도 비교하는데 초점을 두었다. 제도성과는 경제적/정치적 성과로 구분하고, 사회자본은 폐쇄적/개방적 유형으로 구분하였다. 2010년에 조사된 한국과 일본의 1,756명 대상 설문분석 결과, 한국과 일본 모두 제도성과가 사회자본보다 정부신뢰에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 제도론자의 주장이 강하게 지지되었다. 하지만 유형별 영향에 있어서는 국가별 차이를 보였다. 제도성과의 영향에 있어 한국은 경제적 성과의 영향이 매우 크게 나타났다. 제도적 공정성과 투명성을 제외한 여타 정치적 성과보다 크게 나타났다. 반면, 일본은 정치적 성과가 경제적 성과보다 정부신뢰에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 사회자본의 영향은 양국 모두 개방적 사회자본이 폐쇄적 사회자본보다 정부신뢰에 더 큰 영향력을 보였다. 또한 일본의 경우에는 개방적 사회자본의 영향이 경제적 성과보다도 크게 나타났다. 즉, 한국의 경우에는 유형별 분석에서도 제도론자(경제성과)의 주장이 지지되나, 일본의 경우에는 제도론자(정치성과)와 문화론자(개방적 사회자본)의 주장이 동시에 지지되고 있었다. 이러한 일본과의 비교 결과를 토대로 본 연구는 우리사회에서의 정부신뢰 증진을 위한 향후 과제에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
There are two broad theoretical explanations that compete as explanations for the improvements of government trust: institutional and cultural theories. To testify these theories, this article analyzes the influence of institutional performance (divided by economic vs political) and social capital (divided by bonding vs bridging) on the government trust in Korea and Japan. The analysis shows that institutional performance does prove to be a powerful predictor of government trust in both countries. To gain a more nuanced and through understanding of how institutional performance influences government trust, this study considered two facets of institutional performance divided by economic and political. The result shows that economic performance has strong effects on government trust in Korea, while political performance has strong effects on government trust in Japan. Also this study tests the impact of social capital divided by bonding and bridging on government trust. The result shows that social capital of bridging has powerful predictors than social capital of bonding in both countries. From these results, this paper discusses research implications for further research.
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