한국인의 정치이념과 정부신뢰의 관계 분석: 사회자본의 조절효과
Analysis of the Relationship Between Korean Political Ideology and Government Trust: Moderating Effects of Social Capital
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초록
본 연구는 정부신뢰에 대한 정치이념의 영향을 완충할 수 있는 요인으로 사회자본의 조절효과를 검증하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 행정부와 입법부 구성에 있어 보수와 진보 성향을 차별적으로 보여주는 한국행정연구원의 3개 정권별 조사자료를 활용하여 그 관계를 비교하였다. 분석결과, ① 우리사회의 정치이념은 보수나 진보세력의 지속적인 증가나 감소보다는 절반에 가까운 중도 성향의 정치이념을 바탕으로 각 정권별 보수와 진보 성향이 30%를 상한선으로 번갈아가며 증가했다가 감소하는 형태를 보였다. ② 정치이념과 정부신뢰의 관계는 일정하지 않고, 정권의 보수/진보 성향에 따라 그 영향이 각기 다르게 나타났다. 입법부와 사법부 신뢰 역시 국회 의석수나 사법부 구성과는 무관하게 통치권을 지닌 행정부에 대한 신뢰와 유사한 모습을 보였다. ③ 사회자본은 정치이념과 정부신뢰의 관계에 조절효과를 보였다. 보수정권에서는 진보성향 정치이념의 부정적 영향을 완충하고, 진보정권에서는 보수성향 정치이념의 부정적 영향를 줄이는 역할을 하고 있음이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 본 연구는 정치이념에 따라 급격한 변화추이를 보이는 정부신뢰 안정화에 필요한 방향 및 향후 과제를 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effect of social capital as a buffer factor for the influence of political ideology on government trust. To this end, the relationship was compared using survey data from three regimes by the Korea Institute of Public Administration, which differentially shows conservative and progressive tendencies in the composition of the executive and legislative branches. As a result of the analysis, (1) The political ideology of our society is based on the political ideology of the centrist tendency of nearly 50 percent, rather than the continuous increase or decrease of conservative or progressive forces, and the conservative and progressive tendencies of each regime alternately increase and decrease with the upper limit of 30 percent. (2) The relationship between political ideology and trust in the government was not constant, and the influence has varied according to the conservative and progressive tendencies of the regime. Trust in the legislature and judiciary was similar to trust in the executive branch, which has the power to govern, regardless of the number of seats in the National Assembly or the composition of the judiciary. (3) Social capital has had a moderating effect on the relationship between political ideology and trust in government. It has been confirmed that it buffers the negative impact of progressive-leaning political ideologies in conservative regimes and reduces the negative effects of conservative-leaning political ideologies in progressive regimes. Based on these results, this study discusses the direction and future tasks necessary to stabilize trust in the government, which is showing a rapid change trend according to political ideology.
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