국가론의 관점에서 본 유럽통합과 국가기구의 재구성: 이주민의 국경통제 사례를 중심으로
European Integration and Reconfiguration of State Apparatus from the Perspective of State theory: forcusing on the Case of Border Control of Immigrants
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지금까지 국가론의 관점에서 유럽통합과정을 고찰한 연구는 매우 드물었다. 한편, 유럽통합을 국가의 형태변화로 파악하려는 기존의 연구는 유럽의 새로운 제도와 행위자의 등장으로 인해 국가의 기능의 축소 혹은 소멸에 초점을 맞추고 있어 국가와 유럽통합 프로젝트 간의 연관성을 제대로 규명하지 못하고 있다. 이 글은 폴란차스에 의해 제기되고 네오그람시주의자들에 의해 채택된 '국가의 국제화'의 관점에서 출발하여 유럽과 국민국가 간의 국가기구 위계질서의 재편을 유럽적 차원에서 사회적 지배구조의 재구성이라는 측면에서 분석하고, 유럽연합(EU)은 궁극적으로 유럽차원의 국가프로젝트임을 규명한다. 개별 국가기구, 유럽기구, 그리고 유럽의 법률구조로 구성된 유럽국가기구의 총체성은 유럽 이주정책을 둘러싼 갈등 속에서 과거 국가에 의해 관리되었던 국경체제의 영역이 유럽차원으로 확대되어 가는 FRONTEX(유럽국경관리청) 사례를 통해 잘 드러나고 있으며, 이는 궁극적으로 사회와 국가기구 간의 갈등에 의해 결정되고 있다.
Abstract
There are up to date very little research on the European integration process from the perspective of state theory. besides, some researches focusing on retrenchment or disappearance of the established state functions owing to emerging of new European institutions and actors have failed to explain a close connection between state - and European integration project. Instead of that, this article based on the viewpoint of 'internationalization of the state' which draws on the materialist theory of Poulantzas and Neogramscianism explains the European Union to be the result of state project at European level analyzing restructuring of hierarchical orders between European and state apparatus under the perspective of reconfiguration of existing power and domination relationships. Ensemble of the European status apparatus consisting of individual status apparatus, European apparatus and the European legislation could be more clearly clarified in the case of Frontex, where some important functions regarding the border regime managed in the past by state are transferred into the European level in the conflict with the European migration policy. Eventually, all of this should depend on harsh conflict between society and state apparatus.
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