본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

국민 정체감과 이주민에 대한 태도: 사회단체 참여의 조절효과

National Identity and Attitudes towards Migrants: Moderating Effects of Social Engagement

0

조회

0

다운로드

7

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류정책학

초록

본 연구는 국민 정체감이 이주민에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향을 완충할 수 있는 요인으로 사회단체 참여의 조절효과를 검증하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 국민 정체감을 종족적/시민적 정체감, 이주민 태도를 개인적/집단적 배타성으로 구분하고, 이들 간의 관계에서 폐쇄적/개방적 사회단체 참여의 조절효과를 검증하는 연구모형을 설정했다. 「한국인의 정체성 조사」의 2차례 조사자료(2010년/2015년)를 바탕으로 한 분석결과, ① 이주민에 대한 배타성이 여전히 높고, 점차 증가하는 추이를 보였다. 개인적 배타성은 이주 노동자와 조선족에게서 강하고, 집단적 배타성은 정치・사회적 요인보다 경제적, 문화적 요인에서 강하게 나타났다. ② 이주민에 대한 태도에 미치는 종족적 정체감의 부정적 영향이 시민적 정체감의 긍정적 영향보다 크게 나타났다. 따라서 종족적 정체성에 대한 완충 없이는 이주민에 대한 태도 개선이 힘들다는 사실이 확인되었다. ③ 사회단체 참여가 이주민 태도에 미치는 국민 정체감의 부정적/긍정적 효과를 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 개방적 단체참여는 종족적 정체감의 부정적 효과를 완충하고 시민적 정체감의 긍정적 효과를 강화하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 폐쇄적 단체참여는 종족적 정체감의 부정적 효과를 강화하고, 시민적 정체감의 긍정적 효과를 줄인다는 사실이 발견되었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 본 연구에서는 증가 추이를 보이는 이주민에 대한 배타적 인식 개선에 필요한 방향 및 향후 과제에 대해 논의 하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effects of social Engagement as a factor that can buffer the influence of the national identity on the attitudes towards migrants. For this purpose, this study postulated a research model that national identity and social engagement were classified by ethnic/civic and closed/opened properties separately. Based on the Korean’s identity survey data(2010/2015), this study found as followings. ① The exclusions towards migrants were still high and gradually increasing. The individual exclusions were more stronger in migrant workers and Korean chinese than those of any other migrants, and the group exclusions were more stronger in economic and cultural factors than those of political and social factors. (2) The negative impact of ethnic identity on the attitudes towards migrants was greater than the positive impact of civic identity. Therefore, it was confirmed that was difficult to improve the attitudes towards migrants without buffering the negative effects of the ethnic identity. ③ The social engagement moderated the negative/positive effects of the national identity on the migrant attitudes. Opened social engagement had been shown to buffer the negative effects of ethnic identity and strengthen the positive effects of the civic identity. On the other hand, it had been found that the closed social engagement strengthened the negative effects of ethnic identity and reduced the positive effects of civic identity. From these results, this paper discussed the efforts for the future tasks needed to improve the exclusion of migrants who showed an increasing trends.

참고문헌 (48)

  1. 강정희, "한국인의 다문화 인식에 미치는 영향요인 고찰: 국민정체감과 사회자본을 중심으로", 한국공공관리학보, 30(4), pp.189~219 (2016), 한국공공관리학회[DOI]
  2. 김영미, "청소년의 일상적 스트레스와 정신건강의 관계에서 이웃사회자본의 조절효과", 청소년학연구, 20(10), pp.235~261 (2013), 한국청소년학회
  3. 뉴스위치, "다문화가족・외국인 정착지원 서비스, 한곳에서", ~ (2016)
  4. 데일리연합, "수자로 보는 재한조선족 거주 현황", ~ (2017)
  5. 박희봉, "한국인의 신뢰 수준 및 영향 요인: 단체참여 및 개인의 사회? 경제적 배경과 대인신뢰, 단체신뢰, 대중매체신뢰", 한국정책학회보, 12(3), pp.199~226 (2003), 한국정책학회
  6. Baby Times., "다문화가족의 역량강화・사회통합 촉진 특례법 제정 필요", ~ (2018)
  7. 윤인진, "다문화 소수자에 대한 국민인식의 지형과 변화", 디아스포라연구, 10(1), pp.125~154 (2016), 글로벌디아스포라연구소
  8. 윤인진, "한국인의 이주노동자와 다문화사회에 대한 인식" (2010), 아담북스
  9. "체류외국인, 결혼 이민자, 외국국적 동포 현황"[URL]
  10. 이희창, "국가 정체성 유형별 다문화 인식에 미치는 영향 비교: 한・미・일 3국을 중심으로", 국가정책연구, 30(1), pp.1~28 (2016), 국가정책연구소[DOI]
  11. 전대성, "사회참여가 이주민들에 대한 사회적 거리에 미치는 영향", 행정논총, 53(3), pp.197~218 (2015), 한국행정연구소
  12. Almond, G. A., "The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations" (1963), Princeton University Press
  13. Ariely. G., "Does Diversity Erode Social Cohesion? Conceptual and Methodological Issues", Political Studies, 62, pp.573~595 (2014)
  14. Ariely. G., "Globalization, Immigration and National Identity: How the Level of Globalization Affects the relations between Nationalism, Constructive Patriotism and Attitudes toward Immigrants?", Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 15(4), pp.539~557 (2011)
  15. Berg, L., "National Identity and Political Trust", Perspective on European Politics, 11(4), pp.390~407 (2010)
  16. Blank, T., "National Identity in a United Germany: Nationalism or Patriotism? An Empirical Test with Representative Data", Political Psychology, 20(1), pp.289~312 (2003)
  17. Breton, C., "Making National Identity Salient: Impact on Attitudes toward Immigration and Multiculturalism", Canadian Journal of Political Science, 48(2), pp.357~381 (2015)
  18. Byrne, "National Identity and Attitudes Toward Immigrants in a Multicreedal America", Politics and Policy, 39(4), pp.485~514 (2011)
  19. Canetti-Nisim, D., "Social Capital and Social Exclusion:Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union in Israel", Social Behavior and Personality, 32(1), pp.55~65 (2004)
  20. Citrin, J., "Do Patriotism and Multiculturalism Collide? Competing Perspectives from Canada and United States", Canadian Journal of Political Science, 45(3), pp.531~552 (2012)
  21. Coleman, "Religious Structures as a Source of Social Capital", American Behavioral Scientist, 40(5), pp.587~594 (1997)
  22. Diop, A., "Social Capital and Citizens’ Attitudes towards Migrant Workers", Social Inclusion, 5(1), pp.66~79 (2017)
  23. Fangen, K., "Social exclusion and Inclusion of Young Immigrants, Presentation of an Analytical Framework", Young: Nordic Journal of Youth Rearch, 18(2), pp.133~156 (2010)
  24. Fukuyama, F., "Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity" (1995), The Free Press
  25. Gaber. R., "National Identity and Democratic Consolidation in Central and Eastern Europe", International Journal of Sociology, 36(3), pp.35~69 (2006)
  26. Is Institutional Trust Related to the Attitudes towards Immigrants in Europe? A Study of Majority and Minority Population, "Halapuu, V.", Norface Migration, ~, pp.Discussion Paper No. 2013-14 (2013)
  27. Hall, P. A., "Social Capital in Britain", British Journal of Political Science, 29(3), pp.417~461 (1999)
  28. Heath, A.F., "British National Identity and Attitudes towards Immigration", International Journal on Multicultural Societies, 7(2), pp.119~132 (2005)
  29. Herreros, F., "Social Trust, Social Capital and Perceptions of Immigration", Political studies, 57, pp.337~355 (2009)
  30. Hjerm, M., "National Identities, National Pride and Xenophobia: A Comparison of Four Western Countries", ACTA Sociologica, 335~347 (1998)
  31. Hooghe, M., "Social Capital and Diversity Generalized Trust, Social Cohesion and Regimes of Diversity", Canadian Journal of Political Science, 40(3), pp.709~732 (2007)
  32. Inglehart, R., "Democracy and Trust" (1999), Cambridge University Press
  33. Jones, F.L., "Individual and Societal Bases of National Identity. A Comparative Multi-level Analysis", European Sociological Review, 17(2), pp.103~118 (2001)
  34. Kydd, A., "Trust, Reassurance, and Cooperation", International Organization, 54(2), pp.325~357 (2000)
  35. Lewin-Epstein, N., "National Identity and Xenophobia in an Ethnically Divided Society", International Journal on Multicultural Societies, 7(2), pp.90~118 (2005)
  36. Newton, Kenneth., "Social Capital and European Democracy", pp.3~24 (1999), Routledge
  37. Paxton, P., "Is Social Capital Declining in the United States? A Multiple Indicator Assessment", American Journal of Sociology, 105(1), pp.88~127 (1999)
  38. Pettigrew, T., "The Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Group", pp.820~829 (1980), The Belknap Press
  39. Putnam, R., "E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-First Century", Scandinavian Political Studies, 30(2), pp.137~174 (2007)
  40. Putnam, R., "Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community" (2000), Simon & Schuster
  41. Putnam, R., "Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy" (1993), Princeton University Press
  42. Reeskens, T., "Nationalism and the Cohesive Society: A Multilevel Analysis of the Interplay Among Diversity, National Identity, and Social Capital Across 27 European Societies", Comparative Political Studies, 46(2), pp.153~181 (2013)
  43. Quillian, L., "Prejudice as a Response to perceived Group Threat: Population Composition and Anti-Immigrant and Racial Prejudice in Europe", American Sociological Review, 60, pp.586~611 (1995)
  44. Roshwald, A., "Georgetown The Endurance of Nationalism: Ancient Roots and Modern Dilemmas" (2006), Cambridge University press
  45. Skocpol, T., "Civic Engagement in American Democracy", pp.1~23 (1999), Brookings Institution Press
  46. Spry, C., "The Influence of Blind and Constructive Patriotism on Attitudes toward Multiculturalism and Immigration", Australian Journal of Psychology, 59(3), pp.151~158 (2007)
  47. Tajfel, H., "Psychology of intergroup relations", pp.7~24 (1986), Nelson-Hall
  48. Wright, M., "Diversity and the Imagined Community: Immigrant Diversity and Conceptions of National Identity", Political Psychology, 32(5), pp.837~862 (2011)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (6건)